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… The Spanish soldiers, explorers and other adventurers who conquered these lands were called 'conquistadors', which … examine the conquest of the Aztecs, we need to understand who the Aztecs were. The Aztecs In 1345 the Aztecs travelled … were influenced by an earlier civilisation, the Toltecs, who ruled the area between 900 and 1200 AD. Toltec workers …

… enlightenment and was given the title Lord Buddha (one who has awakened) Buddhism shares with Hinduism belief in … the teachings of the Buddha. The Buddha was the one who "turned the wheel of the dharma" and thus the wheel …

… (ANCYL) was established on 2 April 1944, by Anton Lambede (who became the League’s first President), Nelson Mandela , … of the Programme of Action. Other members of the ANCYL who had embraced the Freedom Charter continued to dominate … 2012] Many Youth League leaders like Henry Makgothi , who was the President, were absorbed into the ANC’s National …

… the streets of their township, followed by their teachers who 'were determined to see to it that the demonstration … It appears that it was persons in the surrounding crowd who hurled abuse at the police and also started throwing … a demand that the demonstrators supply the names of those who had been detained. In Nyanga students and others gathered …

… eight hours a day, and forty hours a week. The capitalists who had always owned the factories and farms had been profit … committees of workers. Lenin realised that the people who had helped him overthrow the provisional government were … against communism. This body ensured that people who did not support communism were recommended for expulsion …

… figures was Harold Cressy , a prominent member of the APO who played a key role as the main organiser of the TLSA’s … , an influential member of the TLSA and a school principal who was expelled from teaching in 1956 for his political … while a limited number of white progressive teachers who had an interest in the advancement of Coloured education …

… of the Africana Library, University of the Witwatersrand, who were gleeful partners in seeking out dusty and … Curator at the Kaffrarian Museum, King William’s Town, who discovered the Skead manuscript; and Rosmary Wilkinson, … of Johannesburg, and Cleopatra Mda, of Port Elizabeth, who were responsible for most of the typing. Franco Frescura …

… unionism by the early struggles of white British workers who had begun to form trade unions from 1880 onwards. During … Their main enemy was the Chamber of Mines, a body of men who owned the rich gold mines. The quarrel revolved around … elected a committee under the presidency of J. B. Marks, who soon thereafter was elected President of the Transvaal …

… to a new settlement when food became scarce in their area. Who were the herders? The first herders, or pastoralists, in … They brought a new way of life to this area and the San, who were hunter-gatherers didn't always understand them. This … important. This was completely different from the San, who were all the same and shared everything. Rich Khoikhoi …

… in a car near Manzini in Swaziland to Tim Maseko’s  house who is the principal of St Christopher’s school. February, … a South African Student Movement Regional Committee member who was present during the 16  June protests, is arrested … Mohlanyaneng, Alios Manci and a driver called ‘Mandla’, who conveys them back to the border area in the green Passat. …

… there as labours and domestic workers. Even the Blacks who worked in the cities were still allocated their hostels … Nelson Mandela , and (ii)help from other African countries who fought against apartheid.  Towards the 1990s the … the negotiations about the future with Nelson Mandela, who was still in prison by then. It also held meetings with …

… by the favorable report of Dr Holland, the health officer, who boarded the Truro at daylight, and found that the Indian … worth remembrance and record. Most of the many spectators who were present had been led to expect a lot of dried, vapid … to the infinite curiosity of a large crowd of Kaffirs, who dodge their footsteps, and narrowly scan their movements." …

… and bring food to be sold. It was always chaos – fighting who’s going to get what and we decided to organise’. In 1943, … such as Dora Tamana , Gladys Smith, and Hettie September, who were active in other political organisations, including … of food, these women went on to tackle black marketeers who were accumulating food and selling it at twice the …

… Khoi-San people were the most brutalised by colonialists who tried to make them extinct, and undermined their language … Khoisan identity remains contentious. The Khoisan people, who at various points have been referred to using the … came to be used to denote the hunter-gathering communities who did not speak Khoi languages – known to white settlers as …

… with Buthelezi. A notable example of a traditional leader who strongly disagreed with Buthelezi was Klass Makhosana Mahlangu, a Prince who married Nonhlanhla Zulu, sister of the Zulu King Goodwill … back “the land of our forefathers and share it among those who work it in order to banish famine and land hunger” and to …

… photographers, living in the Cape Town area, who have been working together since 2005. The group has …

… inhabitants of this region were Stone-Age hunter-gatherers who found the area rich in wildlife. Big shifts in climate … as the pyramids.. Kings and nobles were the only people who could afford this ritual. It led to the creation of the … by priests and scribes under a powerful Pharaoh, who played the role of god, king and high priest. The Pharaoh …

… The attitude of the ANC leadership was that young people who left the country with the intention of continuing their … training. It was often the young exiles themselves who decided to drop their schooling once they had left the … Walter had managed to smuggle messages to Ruth First, who was in London by then, asking her to find out why Max had …

… mixed and lived in the same neighbourhoods. The rich, who were white, lived separately in better housing than the … were the AmaWasha, Zulu laundry washers, Zulu 'houseboys' who served as domestic workers for white middle class and prostitutes who alarmed the authorities by sleeping also with black mine …

… Dr. Lancelot Parker Booth, a surgeon trained in Scotland who had joined the Natal Immigration Department as a District … those associated with the department are public servants who must have sympathy for the public. “But it seems that … more than ever before needs the services of these men who have contributed so much towards the promotion of racial …

… Polokwane (Pietersburg). The Ndebele people of Zimbabwe, who were called the Matabele by the British. The two South … mainly of the BagaLanga and the BagaSeleka groups who were influenced by their Sotho neighbours, and adopted … internationally famous women like Esther Mahlangu – who has been commissioned to paint her designs on BMWs and …

… government was using violence against the party’s members, who constituted the largest grouping in the NCL. The second … of disaffected members of the Transvaal ANC Youth League, who defected to form the AFM.  Among these were Samuel … former members of the SACP - a number of them Trotskyites who had been expelled from the party, and who subsequently …

… easily, quickly, or without sacrifice. Blacks in general, who made up the majority of South Africans, were hit the … economy and frequent appropriations meant that families who had once tended to their farms and lived simple lives now … and ‘successfully laid a trap for a training officer who was demanding sexual favours from employees’, with the …

… city slums than could be accommodated in Orlando. Those who could not be accommodated in Orlando sought accommodation … dwellings. Sophiatown continued to attract single males who were generally restricted to a single room. Throughout … Council or JCC) was dominated by the United Party (UP) who were a majority in the Council. Deliberations in the JCC …

… fight for democracy, there have been countless women who’s incredible strength and bravery has shaped South Africa … Albertina Sisulu or Fatima Meer . However, there are women who’s stories may not be as widely known, but are just as … and segregation. These are the incredible LGBTQI+ women who have fought for not only their rights, but the rights of …

… On their pathway they were met by heavily armed police who fired teargas and later live ammunition on demonstrating … There was also a lack of teachers, and many of those who did teach were underqualified. In 1961, only 10 per cent … holiday, Youth day, which honors all the young people who lost their lives in the struggle against Apartheid and …

… Black Consciousness (BC) organisation. Mthuli Shezi , who served on the BPC executive committee, was killed by a railway official who pushed him onto the path of an oncoming train in 1972, … Black Workers’ Council. Saths Cooper and Strini Moodley , who were prominent in the Durban Central branch of the Natal …

… is, however, unlikely that most would think of the women who retaliated against the oppression in honour of their … According to apartheid laws, these men were able to decide who to hire and they were also given the role of determining … men were ‘ on contract’ workers, or migrant labourers, who were forced to travel elsewhere to work. Most of these …

… for tea and spices such as cloves, nutmeg and pepper, or who resisted the cash-crop economy that the VOC was forcing … up. The "friendliness" of the indigenous pastoralists, who would supply fresh meat was likewise extolled. Hence in … a refreshment station and to provide facilities for crew who had fallen ill to diseases such as scurvy on the long …

… that they would deepen hostilities with the Black people who were excluded. The PFP were not pleased with the … people. A second feature was that of Executive President, who replaced the Prime Minister in the Westminster system. … from around the country from the liberation movements who saw them as an attempt by the Government to hang on to …