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Armed struggle & the advancement of the student and labour movements, 1967-1976
… began to circulate inside the country the following year. Black Consciousness and the Student movement Steve Biko Alongside these infiltration activities,…
EventThe Azanian People’s Organisation is formed
… The organisation was based on the philosophy of Black Consciousness advocated by Steven Biko. It was open to … but closed to Whites. AZAPO emerged from the…
ArticleCongress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU)
… a presence throughout the modern history of South Africa, Black trade unions never managed to establish a permanent … was the first real flowering of trade…
Book 4: Industrialisation, Rural Change and Nationalism - Chapter 2 - Industrialisation and the Revitalisation of Black Politics in the1940s by Mohamed Adhikari
… Three documents, fundamental changes that took place in black protest politics and African nationalist thinking … a turning point in both the history of the…
BiographyJames M. Thaele
… subsequent writings and speeches reflected a militant race consciousness and mistrust of whites, including missionaries. …
Black Reaction to Apartheid, 1948-1973 - Address to the Annual Meeting of the African Studies Association by O. R. Tambo, Syracuse, New York, United States of America, 1973
… Examination of the black reaction to apartheid during the period 1948-1973 is … to understand what is now happening in South Africa. The black reaction is…
ArticleJune 16 Soweto Youth Uprising timeline: 1976-1986
… in Afrikaans appears in Soweto schools. 4 March, The Black People's Convention, the South African Students … that go before it." Winnie Mandela is elected to…
‘Wash Me Black Again’: African Nationalism, the Indian Diaspora, and Kwa-Zulu Natal, 1944-1960 by Jon Soske
… ‘Wash Me Black Again’: African Nationalism, the Indian Diaspora, and … in Natal. Beginning in the 1940s, tumultuous debates among black intellectuals over…
Polokwane an Overview
… city onto the global television screen and international consciousness. This history is divided into various, … The history is thus divided into by and large…
ArticleDefeat of the Liberation struggle
… and sentenced to long goal terms. The Government banned 18 Black Consciousness (BC) organisations and two newspapers with a wide Black readership. On 25 July…
ArticleAfrican Peoples Democratic Union of Southern Africa (APDUSA)
… founding document APDUSA warns of the calamity that awaits black people in the event that South Africa became a … the apartheid government was poised to…
ArticleAlbertina Sisulu and the organisations she was connected to
… back seat to the struggle against the apartheid system. ● Black Consciousness Movement Nontsikelelo Albertina Sisulu's connection with the Black…
BiographyWalter Sidney Felgate
… to facilitate contact between Buthelezi, the ANC, and the Black Concsiousness Movement . Felgate became an informal …
ArticleThe Azania Liberation Support Committee and its publications by Allison Drew
… Many of the ALSC members had been involved with the exiled Black Consciousness Movement of Azania. Thus, although they were Marxists and socialists, they did…
ArticleGrade 9 - Term 4: Turning points in modern South African History since 1948
… a depiction of the conflict between the Government and the Black/ African population of the country, where the … Sharpeville massacre occurred due to the…
Mafika Gwala’s Books Catalogue
… 'Towards a national theatre.' (SUBJECTS: Theatre and black identity) South African Outlook Aug. 1973: p.131-133. … Mafika Pascal. 'Towards the practical…
ArchiveInterview with Ntsizi Elijah Moremi
… a refugee in Kenya in the late 1970s. An adherent of the black consciousness movement, he became involved in efforts to create an external wing of the…
Interview with Oliver Tambo in Luanda after summit meeting of Presidents of frontline states and Southern African Liberation Movements, 01 March 1977
… majority of the people of South Africa, least of all the black people. At the same time, however it didn`t seem … live in it. We would have been excused for…
O. R. Tambo interviewed in Luanda after Summit Meeting of Presidents of Frontline States and Southern African Liberation Movements, 1977
… majority of the people of South Africa, least of all the black people. At the same time, however it didn't seem … live in it. We would have been excused for…
EventMuntu Myeza, SA anti-apartheid activist, is born.
… Azanian People’s Organisation (AZAPO), an affiliate of the Black Consciousness Movement. At the age of 22 , he joined the first black consciousness…
EventMinster of Justice, Pelser defends the banning orders on eight leaders of SASO
… The banning of eight prominent Black Consciousness (BC) exponents in March 1973 came as a direct … result of the popularity that these leaders enjoyed among…
EventThe Azanian People’s Organisation (AZAPO) is founded after the government banned a host of BCM organisations in October 1977.
… government banned all the organisations under the Black Consciousness Movement (BCM) banner. The BCM organisations … behind the uprising, these included…
The Freedom struggle: Political mobilisation in Port Elizabeth
… The Eastern Cape is regarded by many as the cradle of Black resistance against White oppression. After the defeat … organisations. The first was the…
ArchiveFrank Talk
… body corporate, but committed to a theoretical vision of a Black Consciousness ideology. "Frank Talk" was originally the … contains a full list of these…
ArticleA history of Apartheid in South Africa
… of people according to whether they were white, coloured, black, Indian or Asian. People would then be treated … Only a small percentage of South Africa was…
Historical Overview of Black Resistance, 1932-1952 - The Congress of the People and Freedom Charter Campaign by Ismail Vadi, New Delhi, 1995
… Participation of Women in the Cop Campaign The Role of the Black Trade Union Movement Problems of Organisation The … by capital. But for unskilled workers …
ArchiveRoseinnes Daniel Phahle by Allison Drew
… Alexandra residents. In 1958, supported by the majority of black students, Phahle was elected to the Wits Students’ … after the 1976 Soweto Uprising, Phahle…
Event’Viva Frelimo’ rallies, organised by the BPC and SASO, take place even though they were banned by Government
… of independence in Mozambique inspired the South African Black Consciousness Movement organisations, the Black People's Convention (BPC) and the South…
ArticleA History of South African Literature, timeline 1824-2005
… in 1824. 1877 The first biography ever written about a black South African was published. It was written by John A. … It has been criticised for its silence…
ArticleThe Conflict between the AZAPO and the UDF - popular violence in the 1980s and 1990s
… 1984 to 1993. At its inception in 1979 AZAPO adopted the Black Consciousness (BC) philosophy of the Black People’s Convention (BPC). In the first four years…