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Quotes by Steve Biko
… Letter to SRC Presidents, I Write What I Like, 1978. "Black Consciousness is an attitude of the mind and a way of life, the most positive call to emanate…
Armed struggle & the advancement of the student and labour movements, 1967-1976
… began to circulate inside the country the following year. Black Consciousness and the Student movement Steve Biko Alongside these infiltration activities,…
EventThe Azanian People’s Organisation is formed
… The organisation was based on the philosophy of Black Consciousness advocated by Steven Biko. It was open to … but closed to Whites. AZAPO emerged from the…
ArticleCongress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU)
… a presence throughout the modern history of South Africa, Black trade unions never managed to establish a permanent … was the first real flowering of trade…
Book 4: Industrialisation, Rural Change and Nationalism - Chapter 2 - Industrialisation and the Revitalisation of Black Politics in the1940s by Mohamed Adhikari
… Three documents, fundamental changes that took place in black protest politics and African nationalist thinking … a turning point in both the history of the…
BiographyJames M. Thaele
… subsequent writings and speeches reflected a militant race consciousness and mistrust of whites, including missionaries. …
Black Reaction to Apartheid, 1948-1973 - Address to the Annual Meeting of the African Studies Association by O. R. Tambo, Syracuse, New York, United States of America, 1973
… Examination of the black reaction to apartheid during the period 1948-1973 is … to understand what is now happening in South Africa. The black reaction is…
ArticleJune 16 Soweto Youth Uprising timeline: 1976-1986
… in Afrikaans appears in Soweto schools. 4 March, The Black People's Convention, the South African Students … that go before it." Winnie Mandela is elected to…
‘Wash Me Black Again’: African Nationalism, the Indian Diaspora, and Kwa-Zulu Natal, 1944-1960 by Jon Soske
… ‘Wash Me Black Again’: African Nationalism, the Indian Diaspora, and … in Natal. Beginning in the 1940s, tumultuous debates among black intellectuals over…
Polokwane an Overview
… city onto the global television screen and international consciousness. This history is divided into various, … The history is thus divided into by and large…
ArticleDefeat of the Liberation struggle
… and sentenced to long goal terms. The Government banned 18 Black Consciousness (BC) organisations and two newspapers with a wide Black readership. On 25 July…
ArticleAfrican Peoples Democratic Union of Southern Africa (APDUSA)
… founding document APDUSA warns of the calamity that awaits black people in the event that South Africa became a … the apartheid government was poised to…
ArticleAlbertina Sisulu and the organisations she was connected to
… back seat to the struggle against the apartheid system. ● Black Consciousness Movement Nontsikelelo Albertina Sisulu's connection with the Black…
ArticleGrade 9 - Term 4: Turning points in modern South African History since 1948
… a depiction of the conflict between the Government and the Black/ African population of the country, where the … Sharpeville massacre occurred due to the…
BiographyWalter Sidney Felgate
… to facilitate contact between Buthelezi, the ANC, and the Black Concsiousness Movement . Felgate became an informal …
ArticleThe Azania Liberation Support Committee and its publications by Allison Drew
… Many of the ALSC members had been involved with the exiled Black Consciousness Movement of Azania. Thus, although they were Marxists and socialists, they did…
Mafika Gwala’s Books Catalogue
… 'Towards a national theatre.' (SUBJECTS: Theatre and black identity) South African Outlook Aug. 1973: p.131-133. … Mafika Pascal. 'Towards the practical…
Interview with Oliver Tambo in Luanda after summit meeting of Presidents of frontline states and Southern African Liberation Movements, 01 March 1977
… majority of the people of South Africa, least of all the black people. At the same time, however it didn`t seem … live in it. We would have been excused for…
O. R. Tambo interviewed in Luanda after Summit Meeting of Presidents of Frontline States and Southern African Liberation Movements, 1977
… majority of the people of South Africa, least of all the black people. At the same time, however it didn't seem … live in it. We would have been excused for…
ArchiveInterview with Ntsizi Elijah Moremi
… a refugee in Kenya in the late 1970s. An adherent of the black consciousness movement, he became involved in efforts to create an external wing of the…
EventMuntu Myeza, SA anti-apartheid activist, is born.
… Azanian People’s Organisation (AZAPO), an affiliate of the Black Consciousness Movement. At the age of 22 , he joined the first black consciousness…
EventMinster of Justice, Pelser defends the banning orders on eight leaders of SASO
… The banning of eight prominent Black Consciousness (BC) exponents in March 1973 came as a direct … result of the popularity that these leaders enjoyed among…
EventThe Azanian People’s Organisation (AZAPO) is founded after the government banned a host of BCM organisations in October 1977.
… government banned all the organisations under the Black Consciousness Movement (BCM) banner. The BCM organisations … behind the uprising, these included…
The Freedom struggle: Political mobilisation in Port Elizabeth
… The Eastern Cape is regarded by many as the cradle of Black resistance against White oppression. After the defeat … organisations. The first was the…
ArticleA history of Apartheid in South Africa
… of people according to whether they were white, coloured, black, Indian or Asian. People would then be treated … Only a small percentage of South Africa was…
ArchiveFrank Talk
… body corporate, but committed to a theoretical vision of a Black Consciousness ideology. "Frank Talk" was originally the … contains a full list of these…
Historical Overview of Black Resistance, 1932-1952 - The Congress of the People and Freedom Charter Campaign by Ismail Vadi, New Delhi, 1995
… Participation of Women in the Cop Campaign The Role of the Black Trade Union Movement Problems of Organisation The … by capital. But for unskilled workers …
ArchiveRoseinnes Daniel Phahle by Allison Drew
… Alexandra residents. In 1958, supported by the majority of black students, Phahle was elected to the Wits Students’ … after the 1976 Soweto Uprising, Phahle…
ArticleA History of South African Literature, timeline 1824-2005
… in 1824. 1877 The first biography ever written about a black South African was published. It was written by John A. … It has been criticised for its silence…
Event’Viva Frelimo’ rallies, organised by the BPC and SASO, take place even though they were banned by Government
… of independence in Mozambique inspired the South African Black Consciousness Movement organisations, the Black People's Convention (BPC) and the South…