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… three-part exploration of the parties’ policies: “The EFF manifesto sounds like it was dreamt up by students at the university canteen. The DA manifesto looks like it was drawn up by consultants who … billable hours and I wouldn’t be surprised if the ANC manifesto was created by committee.”  A1. The ANC’s policies …

… Introduction MK Sabotage. This photograph was part of a sequence shot by a … outside the country. By the mid-1960s Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) , the military wing of the ANC, was based almost entirely … During the first half of the 1960s, it was difficult for MK to establish external bases from which to conduct its …

… and violent operations linked to Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) that had ever taken place inside South Africa. This action was an unusual one for MK for two reasons. First, it involved taking civilian … of the police by killing all the hostages'. However, MK leaders – without any evidence to support the claim – felt …

… On 25 January 1980 three MK Cadres – Stephen Mafoko, Humphrey Makhubo and Wilfred … – were allegedly on their way to carry out a planned MK sabotage mission on petrol depots at Watloo near Mamelodi. … The first burst of gunfire is heard. It is unclear if MK cadre Stephen Mafoko opened fire when he realised the …

… and growth of the Youth League  The Youth League’s manifesto was launched at the Bantu Social Centre in … that ASA students were different from uMkhonto weSizwe (MK) recruits as they were always isolated, while MK recruits were normally in large groups in camps.  In the …

… National Congress (ANC) military wing Umkhonto we Sizwe’s (MK) Luthuli detachment of MK, under the code name ‘James Stuart’. [ii] 1964 - 1973 … for sacrificing his tertiary education in order to join MK, thereby putting ‘the nation before himself’. [xiv] …

… year, the ANC and SACP jointly set up uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK) to engage in the armed struggle. A number of high profile arrests – such as those of members of the MK High Command at Liliesleaf Farm which led to the Rivonia Trial, and other prominent MK operatives in the Little Rivonia trial – severely crippled …

… point for protests. Formation of uMkhonto weSizwe (MK) and launch of the armed struggle by the ANC The African … for discussion. On 16 December 1961 uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK) (Spear of the Nation) the military wing of the ANC … Port Elizabeth was the centre of sabotage training for MK cadres. The first casualty of MK was killed by his own …

… a military wing, uMkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation/ MK) in 1961. Through MK, the ANC waged the armed struggle and obtained support …

… of the African National Congress (ANC), uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK), were executed at the gallows in Pretoria Central Prison. … against the apartheid government. The execution of ANC and MK activists, 1961-1989 With the banning of the liberation … organisations, the ANC moved to form uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK), an underground armed wing, to carry the struggle …

… a critical role in the formation of uMkhonto weSizwe (MK),  military wing of the ANC which launched on 16 December 1961. Just a year following the launch of MK, TIYC leader Ahmed Kathrada was subjected to 'house … to continue his political work. Liliesleaf Farm where MK Commando was arrested in 1963 Source: showme.co.za On 11 …

… Council (GC) of SASO is held in Natal. 1971  SASO Policy Manifesto sets out the Black Consciousness doctrine. Themba … Charter that set AZASO apart from SASO. SASO’s Policy Manifesto included and emphasized the Black Consciousness …

… Council (GC) of SASO is held in Natal. 1971 SASO Policy Manifesto sets out the Black Consciousness doctrine. Themba … Charter that set AZASO apart from SASO. SASO’s Policy Manifesto included and emphasized the Black Consciousness …

… of Oxford Bottoman, Wonga Welile Private -former MK Cadre Bridger, Emily University of Exeter Calisto Samuel …   Mangash, Patrick University of Fort Hare Manong, Stanley MK Maringira, Godfrey University of the Western Cape Marx, …

… (SACP) members set up the armed wing, Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) at a meeting between the organisations in Durban. There … was set up with Mandela the first commander in chief. MK made its first appearance with explosions in Johannesburg, … The National Committee of Liberation (NCL) and the MK carry out a joint operation to blow up a power pylon (to …

… Africa (CPSA) takes place in Cape Town and the party’s manifesto is adopted. The ISL joins other organisations to … 23 May, Joe Slovo , central committee member of the SACP, MK Chief of Staff and post apartheid’s first Minister of … 23 May, Johannes (Joe) Modise , future Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) leader and post apartheid’s first Minister of Defence is …

… to join the ANC and undergo military training under MK. 1970 Prices begin to rise sharply, making it even more … a statement on the tenth anniversary of Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) calling on South Africans to rededicate themselves to the … Executive Committee meeting discusses plans to re-launch MK. 11 December, Alfred Nzo makes a statement, on behalf of …

… theories were published in books called The Communist Manifesto (1848) by both Marx and Engels and in Das Kapital …

… Africa (CPSA) takes place in Cape Town and the CPSA’s manifesto is adopted. The ISL, together with the Social … 16 December Umkhonto we Sizwe (The Spear of the Nation - MK) is launched. A series of explosions takes place in … in its ranks South Africans of all races’. Although MK is formed as an organisation affiliated to, but separate …

… into exile joined guerrilla armies (i.e. Umkhonto we Sizwe/MK). A relatively smaller group followed other professions. … or specialised skills). These worked at all levels of the MK movement. There were also women like Agnes Msimang, Sabi … of national consciousness. According to Ruth Mompati (an MK cadre), it was “very difficult in exile to be completely a …

… on the repressive racist Apartheid regime. * The MK mobilises mass popular support: Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) was the active military wing of the African National … urban guerrilla warfare , which included human targets. MK was not a military threat to the Apartheid regime, but was …

… ASA almost coincided with the launch of uMkhonto weSizwe (MK) , the military wing of the ANC, which announced its … a general feeling that ASA students were different from MK recruits as they were always isolated, while MK recruits were normally in large groups in camps.   …

… Swaziland. These swelled the ranks of uMkhonto we Sizwe  (MK) and the Pan Africanist Congress’s  Azanian People’s Liberation Army (APLA). Many who joined MK were sent into training camps in Angola and Mozambique, … They returned in the later 1970s as trained cadres of MK’s June 16 Detachment. The increased number of bombings in …

… and Orlando and lasts about five years. To read their manifesto click here . December, Seventy-two delegates, … provisional committee publishes its Congress Youth League Manifesto , the central theme of which is the African’s … Committee. The league adopted a constitution and issued a manifesto that rejected participation in advisory boards and …

… The declaration was preceded by the adoption of a policy manifesto that had divided South Africans into groups of … to 1972. In 1972, the commission tabled a “Black Education Manifesto” to be adopted by the third GSC. The Black Education Manifesto took a different turn in that it rejected racist …

… law) and later the Sabotage Act, specifically aimed at MK and Poqo, which had gone underground by now. On June 16, … and the ANC encountered many obstacles in establishing MK bases in independent African countries in the 1960s. This …

… a statement on the tenth anniversary of Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) calling on South Africans to rededicate themselves to the … Executive Committee meeting discusses plans to re-launch MK.   1976 24 May, Soweto pupils reject the Orland Diepkloof … Mbeki. 15 June, Solomon Mahlangu and Monty Motlaung, two MK cadres are arrested in Goch Street, in Johannesburg. 22-26 …

… Manzini, Swaziland Patrick Makau, and his child (9) ANC/MK Bomb attack on 2 houses. 1981 1 August Harare, Zimbabwe …   October Vlakplaas Peter Dlamini Vuyani Mavuso ANC ANC/MK Dlamini handed himself over to C-10, Mavuso was captured … Lesotho Unnamed person   car bomb meant for Chris Hani (MK)   17 August Maputo, Mozambique Ruth First ANC, academic, …

… increase in attacks launched by the ANC through its armed MK inside South Africa. Conversely, the government responded … Vula (Open), aimed at facilitating the infiltration of MK guerrillas and smuggling arms into South Africa to … adoption of the Freedom Charter in 1955. 25 January, Three MK cadres, on their way to carry out a sabotage mission, take …

… following police allegations of an uMkhonto weSizwe (MK) plot, code-named Operation Vula , to seize power if …