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… of the ANC and stripped of his Chieftaincy 1961, December 10 Albert Luthuli awarded Nobel Peace Prize in …

… F. Verwoerd the Prime Minister. Celebrating Republic Day 1961 © Bailey's Archives. 1961 The referendum that followed the Sharpeville massacre …

… of 41 leading members of the party between March 1961 and April 1966. The detention and banning of leading … members of the NCL, donated money to the ANC in May 1961 to support a stay-away call in protest against the … payments, the first of which was received in April 1961. Significantly, this was before both the ANC and PAC - …

… The Act, which served as the Union's constitution until 1961, created a parliamentary government along the lines of …

… of 41 leading members of the party between March 1961 and April 1966. The detention and banning of leading … members of the NCL, donated money to the ANC in May 1961 to support a stay-away call in protest against the … payments, the first of which was received in April 1961. Significantly, this was before both the ANC and PAC – …

… members of the ANC's National Executive Committee since 1961, together with senior members of the armed wing MK …

… and first African recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1961 - for African people to participate fully in the …

… Communist Party(SACP) in 1950, the Sharpeville massacre in 1961 and the subsequent bannings of the African National … headed a nascent guerrilla army, one which on 16 December 1961 commenced a campaign of sabotage of state infrastructure … in a newly independent African country. In December 1961, the Pan-African Freedom Movement for East, Central and …

… her article The Gold of Migrant Labor, which as early as 1961 exposed the scandalously exploitative salaries and …

… wing, uMkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation/ MK) in 1961. Through MK, the ANC waged the armed struggle and …

… The Minister of Justice told parliament in February 1961 that “4 769 Africans, two whites and two members of … for years. Before the armed struggle became ANC policy in 1961, the Pondos were literally begging for guns.19 But for … would remain before the trial was concluded in April 1961. In order to keep as many activists in the net as …

… The Act, which served as the Union's constitution until 1961, created a parliamentary government along the lines of …

… garnering support in the rest of the world. 16 December, 1961 The SACP and the ANC decide to start an armed wing, … the Nation’ (which is commonly abbreviated to MK). March, 1961 Mac Maharaj leaves London and the UK to travel to the … he is trained in both printing and sabotage. 16 December 1961 first action undertaken by Umkhonto we Sizw (Spear of …

… Walter Sisulu  to stand trial for the entire period until 1961. Despite the prosecutors believing that they had a … a successful conviction, they were all acquitted in March 1961 after being on trial for five years. On 10 May 1963 …  military wing of the ANC which launched on 16 December 1961. Just a year following the launch of MK, TIYC leader …

… the Schools, Cinema, Flats, Shops and life of the area. 1961 Professional Soccer introduced on a National basis. 1964 …

… Winnie Madikizela-Mandela , the couples' second daughter. 1961 The African National Congress (ANC) and the Pan …

… launched in Duncan Village outside East London in March 1961. The launch followed a conference of the Non European … two months before South Africa became a republic in May 1961. In its founding document APDUSA warns of the calamity … the arrest and imprisonment of some of its leaders between 1961 and 1963. As part of a nationwide clampdown on the …

… Meeting of the Communist and Workers’ Parties in Moscow. 1961 Ronnie Kasrils and Chris Hani join the SACP. SACP and … Africans are instigated to strike on 29, 30 and 31 May 1961. A case in compliance with Section 2 (A) of the Act …

… Sixties With South Africa set to become a republic in May 1961, the AAM called for the country to be expelled from the … an invitation to attend the AAM’s national committee in 1961. The TUC continued a policy of constructive engagement, …

… of NUSAS Thami Mhlambiso - Deputy President of NUSAS 1961-2 Malusi Mpumlwana Mxolisi Mvovo Kenneth Rachidi Harry …

… 1960 , the organisation had no choice but to close.   In 1961 the De Bruyn Committee, which was instituted to …

… and becomes the first national daily newspaper in Kenya. 1961 February – KANU wins the first general election under …

… against oppressive measures of Apartheid increased after 1961, so then the Black suburbs of Port Elizabeth and its …

… we Siwze: the Spear of the Nation' , on December 16th 1961. In 1994 South Africa elected its first non-racial and …