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… place on 7 September 1992 in Bisho, then the capital of Ciskei (an independent homeland or Bantustan), amid tense … administration that would allow for democratic reforms in Ciskei. This was rejected by President de Klerk on the grounds that Ciskei did not fall under South Africa’s jurisdiction. The …

… in South Africa. These were the Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Ciskei, Venda, Gazankulu, KaNgwane, KwaNdebele, KwaZulu, … for specific ethnic groups. For example, two homelands of Ciskei and Transkei were created only for the Xhosa people, … in 1976, Bophuthatswana in 1977, Venda in 1979, and Ciskei in 1981. The remaining Bantustans remained …

… Four of the states were given independence (Transkei, Ciskei, Bophuthatswana and Venda), although this was never … -- Xhosa (given "independence" in 26 October, 1976) Ciskei -- Xhosa (given "independence" in 4 December, 1981) …

… communities in what came to be known as the Transkei and Ciskei. Smith's invasion formed part of what came to be known … their mountainous refuge and 'British Kaffraria' (later Ciskei ) was occupied. Relatively unscathed before, the Tembu …

… Cape and twenty eight ANC protesters were killed by the Ciskei Defence Force. This incident was later called the …

… the nominally self-governing homelands of the Transkei and Ciskei, now both part of the Eastern Cape Province. Today, … homelands or Bantustans , and two regions - Transkei and Ciskei - were set aside for Xhosa people. These regions were … from Port Elizabeth) to remote areas in the Transkei and Ciskei. Conditions of extreme poverty in the homelands meant …

… spreading from the Cape, reached the Northern Cape, Ciskei and Transkei. This second wave is regarded as the one … following among rural women and migrant workers in the Ciskei. In the rural areas of the Transkei the epidemic led …

… of the TBVC States—Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda, and Ciskei. Paul’s resilience, strength of character, simplicity, …

… universities were built for homelands such as Transkei, Ciskei, Venda, and Bophuthatswana.  Those included the … a satellite campus of Fort Hare later taken over by Ciskei; the University of Venda; the University of the North; …

… and settled in the Eastern Cape where the Transkei and Ciskei are today. African farmers planted and ate sorghum and …

… Cape; Free State; Kwa-Zulu Natal; Transvaal; Transkei; Ciskei; Venda and North-West. There are also three local …

… homelands or Bantustans, and two regions 'Transkei and Ciskei' were set aside for Xhosa people. These regions were … were forcibly relocated to remote areas in Transkei and Ciskei. The homelands were abolished with the change to …

… Party, Democratic Party (DP), National People’s Party, Ciskei government, Dikwankwetla Party, Intando Yesizwe Party … Cape and twenty eight ANC protesters were killed by the Ciskei Defence Force. This incident was later called the  …

… of Sub-Group 4 in Working Group 4] Brigadier O.J. Gqozo [Ciskei Government, CODESA 1 and 2] MR C Hani [SACP, CODESA 1 …

… territory , they were Venda, Bophuthatswana, Transkei and Ciskei. In Namibia they were East Caprivi, Ovamboland, and …

… Uoionist (SAAWU) Abducted and shot dead.   - Zwelitsha, Ciskei Zalisile Matyholo Student activist (former SASO) Found … and Senaoane Secondary School pupil Shot dead. 24 July Ciskei Mxolile Eric Mntonga IDASA Border Region director & … PAC Gunned down outside home. 12 October Mdantsane, Ciskei Jeff Wabena ANC, unionist Shot dead at ANC branch …

…   24 July Mntonga, Eric IDASA/SAAWU Mdantsane Killed by 6 Ciskei security officers at police cells.   23 August Nyoka, …

… the NP meets with the governments of Bophuthatswana and Ciskei, the IFP, the Solidarity Party, the National People’s …

… 29/07 20 35 56 Burgersfort Police Sta. Mdantsane Cells, Ciskei North End Cells, Port Elizabeth 215 1 333 1988 69. …

… of autocratic leaders in the newly formed Transkei and Ciskei . Kaizer Matanzima banned the paper for three weeks in …

… Bantustans such as Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda and Ciskei provided a good example of change in the leadership …

… protesters gathered outside of Bisho, the capital city of Ciskei (an independent homeland or  Bantustan ), and demanded … of Brigadier  Joshua Gqozo  and incorporation of the Ciskei into South Africa. Soldiers then opened fire killing …

… Venda). Some homelands that were created were Transkei, Ciskei, Bophuthatswana and Lebowa to name a few. …

… examining, at the request of the government of the Ciskei, the question of the feasibility of independence of the Ciskei releases its report. It finds that ninety per cent of … 1980 5 October, Chief Lennox Sebe, Chief Minister of the Ciskei, accepts independence in principle, and wins …

… the future of TBVC (Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda, Ciskei) states; the role of the international community, if … at Bisho where many protesters opposing the government of Ciskei are killed when soldiers open fire. 26 September, At a … begin, however, disagreement wrecks the initiative. March, Ciskei and Bophuthatswana collapse under the pressure of …

… March, Violence erupts in South Africa's 'homelands'. Ciskei falls in a military coup. 2 March, The African … overthrew the leader of the "independent homeland" of Ciskei, Lennox L. Sebe, while he was in Hong Kong. Brig. … bloodless, was the second in five weeks after the one in Ciskei. Coup leader Colonel Gabriel Ramushwana announced that …

… granted independence: Bophuthatswana, Venda, Transkei and Ciskei. Kangwane was next in line for this apparent …

… causes damage of R100 000 26/08/83 Government buildings:  Ciskei consular generals offices, Carlton Centre, … cause structural damage 12/09/83  Government buildings:  Ciskei offices in Pretoria - Limpet mine planted after hours … - One MK member killed 03/02/84 Government buildings: Ciskei consulate, Durban Offices destroyed in explosion …

… SIGNED BY: African National Congress National Party Ciskei Government National People's Party Democratic Party …

… new nations-in-the making are established such as the Ciskei and the Transkei, ostensibly self-ruled and …