Fort Beaufort, Amatola District, Eastern Cape

Fort Beaufort is situated in the Eastern Cape Province. The town is surrounded by magnificent mountain ranges and it is known for it's infamous Citrus Farming. Fort Beaufort is a short way away from Hogsback, Grahamstown, Fort Hare University, East London and Port Elizabeth

Fort Beaufort was founded in 1822, when a frontier post was established by Lt. Col Scott. The British army occupied Fort Beaufort until 1870. The Historical Museum, Military Museum and Martello Tower attest to the Town's military past and had a population of 25,668 in 2011. The town was established in 1837 and became a municipality in 1883.
The Martello Tower in Fort Beaufort is a little garrison dating back to the nineteenth century during the Napoleonic Wars. Many Martello’s were built in several different countries, with two of them being in South Africa. The Fort Beaufort Martello is the only one in the world that was not built near the sea. Usually a Martello tower has two levels and is about 12 meters high and consists of a battalion with an officer and 15 to 25 men. This round structure was made of think stone walls with a flat topped roof with space for artillery that had 360 degrees movement in order to protect the fort.
Martello’s became outdated when powerful rifles weaponry came into use. In Fort Beaufort, The Martello was flanked by another building which has now become a museum displaying military items and exhibiting a wealth of history.
Fort Fordyce Nature Reserve, just 25 kilometers from Fort Beaufort, between the town and Adelaide - has as its main purpose the conservation and protection of the scarce Dohne Sourveld, the surrounding Afro-Montana forests and the biodiversity of the area. It is a wonderful place to visit if you’re even vaguely a horse lover or rider. All of your nature and game viewing can be done on horseback, including guided tuition from some very knowledgeable horse handlers, so if you weren’t a horse rider before, you will certainly know more about horses once you leave. The reserve is also a wonderful base for hiking and bass fishing is very popular.
This is a fascinating place to visit with lots to see and discover and will make for a great day out.

Geolocation
26° 32' 56.4", -32° 43' 41.52"
Further Reading

Armistice day 11th Nov 1918

at 11am on the 11th November 1918 a truce between Germany and the Entente powers came into effect

At 11am on the 11th November 1918 a truce came into effect between Germany and the Entente forces. This was supposed to be the war that 'ends all wars'. Yet by 1919 there were still between 20 and 30 wars being waged around the globe.

According to Col Lionel Crook from the SA Legion there were 18500 military casualties from South Africa in this war.

Wonderboom National Airport, Tshwane

Wonderboom Airport, is located north of Pretoria, South Africa. The airport handles general aviation flights and passenger services. The Wonderboom Airport was opened in 1937. Built on a Wonderboom farm, it was used temporarily for military training during World War II.
The airport has been extensively extended, with a new terminal building and hangars being constructed as well as the runway being extended in 1965. This extension led to the Airport being able to receive its first Boeing 737 in 1982.
Wonderboom was originally only an airstrip owned by the Pretoria Municipality. The Pretoria Light Aircraft Company (Pty) Ltd was formed in 1937, and drew up an agreement with the Municipality for the use of the property.

The City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality spent R 165.5 million on upgrades to the airport in anticipation of passenger flights. The airport would initially be able to cope with 450 departing and 400 incoming passengers per hour. The City of Tshwane believed that there is a market for passenger service, mainly Pretoria residents that do not wish to commute to OR Tambo International Airport in Johannesburg; an estimated 25% – 30% of passengers using O.R. Tambo are Pretoria residents.

Geolocation
28° 12' 43.2", -25° 39' 25.2"

Soldiers without reward- Africans in South Africa's wars

SS Mendi- source John Gribble collection

Military History Journal
Vol 10 No 1 - June 1995
(incorporating Museum Review)

SOLDIERS WITHOUT REWARD
Africans in South Africa's Wars
by J S Mohlamme

Introduction and background
To recount the part played by the African peoples of South Africa in the wars that have been fought by South Africans, one has only to turn back the pages of early South African history, for since those early years until the present Africans have played a by no means insignificant role.

Arniston, Cape Agulhas

Lying on the shores of Marcus Bay, just north-east of Cape Agulhas, is the tranquil little fishing Village of Arniston, also known as Waenhuiskrans - ‘wagon shelter cliff’ - after a large low-tide sea cave, eroded in such a way as to resemble the structures used by settlers to house their oxen and wagons.

The name: ‘Arniston’, comes from one of the numerous Shipwrecks on the Area’s jagged coastline. The Arniston sank here in 1815 after the ship, already laden with wounded soldiers on the way from Ceylon to England via Cape Town, decided to cut away its three anchors and run ashore, due to heavy winds having destroyed its sails. It broke up on the sharp rocks of the Arniston Reef and only 6 of the original 378 passengers lived to tell of the disaster - one of the worst in South Africa’s History

The Village of Arniston has dispelled its origin of doom, and delights visitors today with its craggy cliffs and the quaint, whitewashed, thatched fishermen’s cottages of Kassiebaai, more than two Centuries old and a national Monument in its entirety. Staying at accommodation in Arniston means getting to experience the magic of Cape Agulhas Coast, 'up close and personally'. This unpretentious, picturesque seaside Village is not far from Bedasdorp and only 2.5 hours’ drive from Cape Town.

Artists and photographers in particular are attracted to Arniston because of its picturesque prettiness, and whilst the cliffs may be dangerous, the rolling sand dunes, golden beaches and intense blue of the sea make Arniston one of the best-kept secrets along the Overberg coast. The coastline is an invitation to long walks and has many examples of spectacular sea erosion with numerous displays of caverns and arches. The coastline is peppered with examples of prehistoric fish traps of the Khoisan 'Strandlopers' (beach walkers). They submerged their stone-built enclosure, at high tide, in a bid to catch fish. Piles of fish bones and shells are all that remain of this vanished people.

Arniston is flanked by two nature reserves - the De Hoop and De Mond Nature Reserves. De Hoop Nature Reserve conserves a major wetland and is home to almost 100 aquatic bird species and of International importance for migratory birds. In fact the entire coast is a marine reserve, one of the biggest in Africa, and the rare African Black Oyster Catcher, the Southern Right Whale and at least 250 species of fish are protected. De Mond Nature Reserve lies at the mouth of the Heuningnes River, between Arniston and Struisbaai and tends to be regarded as a satellite of the De Hoop Nature Reserve. It supports a number of small mammals, such as Grysbok, Steenbok and grey Duiker as well as the rather illusive Caracal. De Mond is ideal for bird watching and the Reserve is particularly important for the protection of the threatened Damara, South Africa’s most endangered coastal bird.

Geolocation
-34° 40' 28.6478", 20° 12' 10.8"

The fall of the Berlin wall

The start of the fall of the Berlin wall

In the aftermath of World War 2 Germany was partitioned into East and West Germany. The East was placed under the control of the Soviet Union while West Germany was under the control of the USA and its allies. The capital city of West Germany, Berlin, was in the heart of the East.
As a result of several East Germans attempting to flee into West Berlin, the East German regime, on the 13th August 1961, started to build a wire fence around the entire West Berlin. This grew into the 45 km Berlin wall and came to symbolise the cold war divide between capitalist and communist forces.

uKhahlamba Drakensberg Park

The Ukhahlamba Drakensberg Park has exceptional Natural beauty in its soaring basaltic buttresses, incisive dramatic cutbacks, and golden sandstone ramparts. Rolling high altitude grasslands, the pristine steep sided river valleys and rocky gorges also contribute to the beauty of this World Heritage Site. This spectacular natural site also contains many Caves and rock-shelters with the largest and most concentrated group of paintings in Africa South of the Sahara, made by the San people over a period of 4,000 years. The rock paintings are outstanding in quality and diversity of subject and in their depiction of animals and human beings. They represent the spiritual life of the San people who no longer live in this region. The San people are recognized as the indigenous inhabitants of the sub-Continent. In centuries past they inhabited practically the entire sub-Continent, and are regarded as "embodying the essence of Southern Africa's deep past". Yet there is no monument to the San people - other than their own art.

Within the Ukhahlamba-Drakensberg Park there are some 600 sites, collectively representing over 35000 individual images. Remarkably, the rock art in the Park is better preserved than any other region south of the Sahara. The oldest painting on a rock shelter wall in the park is about 2400 Years old, while more recent creations date back to the late nineteenth Century. Many of the sites contain scenes depicting hunting, dancing, fighting, food gathering or ritual and trance scenes of hunting or rainmaking. The ecological integrity of the Area has been preserved intact since the last San people living there and the climate, vegetation and fauna have not changed. Uniquely, it is possible to turn from rock paintings of Eland, Reebok and other animals to look over pristine valleys and to see these very species feeding, resting or moving about. UNESCO declared the uKhahlamba Drakensberg Park in KwaZulu Natal a World Heritage Site in 2000. The park is 240 000 hectares large and is filled with beautiful rivers, wetlands, indigenous forests, grasslands, valleys and cliffs. Many endangered animal and plant species live there. The Park also has some of the most beautiful rock paintings in the world. There are 30 000 painted images in 520 rock shelters and many experts use the area to study the history of the people who painted the pictures. Most of the paintings were made about 4 000 years ago by the San people and show different animals, people and many other subjects. They represent the spiritual life of the San, who don't live in the Area anymore.

Geolocation
-29° 28' 1.2604", 29° 15' 26.4723"