Part of the large crowd that assembled at Fordsburg to protest. The defiance campaign was born a year earlier, in Johannesburg, on July 1951, when leaders met and decided to form a Joint Planning Council to co-ordinate the liberation movements "to embark upon an immediate mass campaign for the repeal of oppressive measures".
Image record
Part of the large crowd that assembled at Fordsburg to protest, 1951

Photograph by Jurgen Schadeberg
- Updated
- 24 Jul 2019

Photograph by Jurgen Schadeberg
South African History Online. (2011, March 28). Part of the large crowd that assembled at Fordsburg to protest, 1951. South African History Online. https://sahistory.org.za/ref/I-0039849
South African History Online (2011) 'Part of the large crowd that assembled at Fordsburg to protest, 1951', South African History Online, 28 March. Available at: https://sahistory.org.za/ref/I-0039849 (Accessed: 6 September 2026).
South African History Online, Part of the large crowd that assembled at Fordsburg to protest, 1951 [website], https://sahistory.org.za/ref/I-0039849, (accessed 6 September 2026).
"Part of the large crowd that assembled at Fordsburg to protest, 1951." South African History Online, 28 Mar. 2011, https://sahistory.org.za/ref/I-0039849. Accessed 6 Sept. 2026.
South African History Online. "Part of the large crowd that assembled at Fordsburg to protest, 1951." South African History Online. March 28, 2011. https://sahistory.org.za/ref/I-0039849.
Further reading
The ANC’s MK Special Ops Unit Material - Yunus Carrim Collection - 6 November 2025
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