SAHO global search

… The Anti-Pass Campaigns 1960 …

… as, largely, led by M K Gandhi and the Indian Congresses campaigns. However, this form of passive resistance or non … in South Africa. We have included similarly influenced campaigns in South African history. Non violent mass campaigns forged a new form of struggle against oppression …

… various important 'passive resistance' or 'non-violent' campaigns in 20th Century South Africa; therefore the lists … of key players are broken down into their appropriate campaigns. Each name links to a biography. These list are not … Mbeki Albie Sachs Freda Troup Patrick Duncan Anti-Pass Campaigns 1960 Nelson Mandela Albert Luthuli Robert Mangaliso …

… around the issue of passes took place, and pass-burning campaigns were organised in the 1930s by the Communist Party … issue around which the liberation movements mounted their campaigns. More proactive opposition to discrimination became … of World War II and continued growing into the 1950s and 1960s. In response to this growth and increased employment …

… organisation for movements ready to carry out sabotage campaigns. The name National Liberation Committee, which the … the process of recruiting members and undertaking sabotage campaigns.  NCL cells were responsible for carrying out the organisation’s campaigns and participated in policy deliberations. Funding …

… in 1945. Due to more militant protests, by the 1950s and 1960s several of the NIC?s leaders were in jail. Although the … uses of business and residence. Two of the most important campaigns organized by the NIC in the early years were the … Due to these more militant protests, by the 1950s and 1960s several of the NIC?s leaders were in jail. Although the …

… organisation for movements ready to carry out sabotage campaigns. The name National Liberation Committee, which the … the process of recruiting members and undertaking sabotage campaigns.  NCL cells were responsible for carrying out the organisation’s campaigns and participated in policy deliberations. Funding …

… campuses, mainly white, liberal universities. Many of the campaigns that were undertaken under its auspices were … conduct of the struggle for liberation in the 1950s and 1960s were discarded and replaced by an approach that … departure from the non-racial struggle of the 1950s and 1960s, whose guiding principle was enshrined in the Freedom …

… by charterists veterans who leading members of the ANC campaigns in the 1950s and MK activities in the 1960s. Some of the leading members who were instrumental in …

… regime to abandon its oppressive policies. Similar campaigns targeting specific apartheid laws such as the Bantu … Areas Act were undertaken. Furthermore, in many of these campaigns, the influence of the ANCYL was significant. … , led by Steve Biko, emerged towards the end of the 1960s, taking the lead in continued resistance to apartheid. …

… was the nature of the civil society resistance after the 1960s? During the 1960s and the 1980s South Africa was ruled by the National … investment was withdrawn from south Africa(iii) different campaigns around the world which demanded the release of …

… swept across the African continent, in the early 1960s African liberation movements in countries that were … strategy of the liberation movements from the early 1960s until the early 1990s and carrying significant weight … mobilisation Mapping armed operations, military battles, campaigns and networks State surveillance, repression and …

… from the people. SWAPO led most of the resistance campaigns. As a result, the campaigns gained momentum. SWAPO used peaceful methods of … in terms of weapons and could not wage serious military campaigns – it resorted to mobilising support and minor acts …

… members and Black communities for the proposed nationwide campaigns. The PAC called on its supporters to leave their …

… Movement (AAM) had unleashed a wide range of campaigns and established branches throughout the country. … trade and sports boycotts which resulted in sanctions campaigns supported by governments throughout the world. By … shook the AAM’s relation to the Labour Party. By the late 1960s, the AAM had lost ground as other issues took centre …

… The 1960s marked an important watershed in South Africa's … organisations became closely identified with the sabotage campaigns they conducted. For example, in the first 18 months … in South African cities and towns, and farms as well. The 1960s period of the struggle ended with, Verwoerd , another …

… shortly after the shootings © Museum Africa. The 1960s marked an important watershed in South Africa's … organisations became closely identified with the sabotage campaigns they conducted. For example, in the first 18 months … in South African cities and towns, and farms as well. The 1960s period of the struggle ended with, Verwoerd , another …

… Department (Anti-CAD) representatives. The political campaigns leading up to the Sharpeville massacre seem to have … overt political activity being suppressed throughout the 1960s, the NEUM also became dormant. Some of its influential …

… stayaways, consumer boycotts, rent boycotts and other campaigns continued to take place. UDF attempts at national consumer boycotts, rent boycotts and campaigns against influx control came to nothing. The UDF … which had also shown political awareness in the 1950s and 1960s.The UDF was trying to move into more rural areas, and …

… working conditions for teachers, the TLSA also engaged in campaigns against the Apartheid government. For instance, in … 1940s membership of the TLSA began to decline and by the 1960s the Apartheid government began banning its leaders. It … vice-president of the TLSA in the mid-1950s. In the early 1960s younger members of the league complained about the …

… As the 1950s gave way to the 1960s the  African National Congress (ANC)  and Pan … of rivalry between the two organisations to get their campaigns off the ground first. Suddenly the country was … model of resistance and it was doomed to flounder in the 1960s. It had not been banned but its ally, the ANC, had been …

… (CPSA, now SACP) was quick to become involved in the campaigns and identified food supply as a political problem. … The idea of rice raids imitated a number of successful campaigns in Durban. According to Sarah Carneson , ‘The women … in the broader political struggles of the 1950s and 1960s. Dorothy Zihlangu identifies a successful campaign by …

… an underground military wing known as Poqo ('Pure') in the 1960s. This became the first black political organization in … to the government. The Langa Massacre The anti pass campaigns of the 1950s laid the foundation for African … spread. After the government crackdown in the early 1960s, the PAC went underground and began its armed struggle …

… structures and networks of the ANC and the PAC.   The 1960s were characterized by a shift in the terrain of … of underground networks in the first half of the 1960s the apartheid state passed a range of security laws … areas were therefore fertile ground for Poqo’s recruitment campaigns. It therefore came as no surprise when a very …

… African Indian Congress (SAIC - 1919). During the Gandhi campaigns of 1908 and 1913 a large section of the Indian … and provincial Congresses, rejected militant resistance campaigns. They were to pursue an accomodationist policy in … membership were broken by state repression in the early 1960s. …

… called In the 1930s the CPSA continued to hold anti-pass campaigns and meetings on 16 December. For instance, the … people in South Africa. However, in the 1950s and early 1960s the South African government reinforced repressive … the struggle for freedom and equality. In the early 1960s the ANC, the SACP, COD, CPC and the SA  C mooted the …

… 1930s continued after World War II and into the 1950s and 1960s. What was seen as backward and uneconomic methods of … of militancy, they were ultimately unsustainable. National campaigns increasingly focused on urban issues and a …

… and friendly socialist countries. The latter part of the 1960s witnessed attempts by the African National Congress … on the government from outside the country. By the mid-1960s Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) , the military wing of the ANC, … seniority or pay. The strategic purpose of the Rhodesian campaigns was taken seriously by the ANC leadership in …

… people in South Africa. However, the 1950s and the early 1960s, showed the intension by the South African government … in 1961, was the general failure of the ANC directed campaigns of the 1950s to bring about meaningful political …