Passive Resistance in South Africa by O. R. Tambo - Extract from "Southern Africa in Transition by Davis, John A. and James K. Baker"(Pall Mall Press), London, 1966
… to put an end to this bondage. In its historical development, "passive resistance" in South Africa has been … reserves were subjected to heavy taxation; and, in the urban areas, Africans were harassed by laws requiring passes … most affected by the pass system, protests against poor housing and low wages mounted, and the rural population …