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… after it had outlawed the ANC and introduced punishing legislation to curb likely covert activities. It would rather … were references to the inspiring developments in Cuba, and anti-colonial struggles in Algeria and other parts of Africa, … and its multi-racial inclusiveness of the white and Indian minorities. At his trial he said he had not become a …

… TERMS AND CONDITION ON THE CONCEPT OF FREEDOM: The old anti-apartheid icons Oliver Tambo, Walter and Albertina … page called South Africa's greatest love story... that of anti-Apartheid champions Walter and Albertina Sisulu.  Image …

… of racism. Racism was combined with centuries-old anti-Semitism, the defeat of Germany in World War One, German …

… and was probably intended to forestall an ANC "Anti-pass Day" (involving no definite action programme) set … the government also introduced into parliament new legislation to enable it to ban the ANC and PAC. After days … to choose a particular day historically linked with the anti-pass struggle, such day to be known as Anti-pass day. …

… were eventually transferred to Boitokong. When homeland legislation came into force, Black people in Rustenburg lost … major addition to the resort. Other artists, condemned by anti-apartheid activists, who played at Sun City, include … time economic and cultural sanctions made news, and the Anti-Apartheid Movement in Britain and the US became more …

… Stott of the Wesleyan Mission established a school for Indian labourers in 1868 and four years later advised the … schools?. In that year the Government aid for education of Indian children amounted to £68 per annum . In 1878 at the … Act 20 of 1878 was passed to provide for education among Indian children. An Indian Immigrants School Board was set up …

… we Sizwe - the ANC`s military wing - leader of the Indian and Coloured peoples and the revolutionary working …

… From the book:  A Documentary History of Indian South Africans edited by Surendra Bhana and Bridglal Pachai The Indian Relief Act of 1914 and the Smuts-Gandhi Agreement of … the satyagrahis took the stand that they could not accept legislation which, though it might meet their requirement, …

… to quell civil war in the black townships To repress anti-apartheid activities Under the apartheid government, all … the End Conscription Campaign (ECC) was formed. It was an anti-apartheid organisation allied to the UDF. Conscientious … unions and their workers began to play a major role in the anti-apartheid struggle. Members of trade unions grew in …

… of mass actions, the ANC planned to launch a nationwide anti-pass campaign on 31 March - the anniversary of the 1919 anti-pass campaign. A week later, a breakaway group from the … it was announced that the PAC would launch its own anti-pass campaign. Early in 1960 both the ANC and PAC …

… ordinary South Africans and members of the international anti-Apartheid movements played in South Africa’s struggle … in this series, namely; The Final Prize: My Life in the anti-apartheid struggle by Norman Levy Alex Hepple: South …

… From the book:  A Documentary History of Indian South Africans edited by Surendra Bhana and Bridglal … the sentiment of the new leadership that took over Natal Indian Congress, the Transvaal Indian Congress, and the South African Indian Congress after …

… I. The South African Indian Congress has on many occasions broughtto the attention … and its Member States thecondition of the people of Indian origin in South Africa and theimpact of the policies … the knowledge that there can be no redress for the Indian communityin isolation. II. The South African Indian …

… in 1910 and in 1911, objecting to further discriminatory legislation. The need for a permanent body to represent …

… 3. The government undertakes to review existing security legislation to bring it into line with the new dynamic …

… restricted any and all movement. Indians played for the Indian community; Colored bands played jazz for their … to play together; you have to have a permit to play for Indian people, for whites – you’re mainly restricted to your … rallies and concerts, “linking it directly to the anti-apartheid politics of the United Democratic Front and …

… by the racial question. On the one hand a very strong anti-Native prejudice on the part of the whites, on the other … two starting theses. First of all when dividing the anti-fascist united front tactics into countries threatened … tendencies of the ruling parties as evidenced by their legislation (Industrial Conciliation Act, Riotous Assembly …

… security network, and to hear objections to its security legislation. Terms of reference of the commission include … concerning the effectiveness of security and amendment to legislation.   …

… the Constitution of South Africa states that: (1) National legislation may provide a role for traditional leadership as … a system of customary law – a. national or provincial legislation may provide for the establishment of Houses of Traditional Leaders; and b. national legislation may establish a Council of Traditional Leaders. …

… liberation was of a different sort from that of other Anti-Apartheid Movements: it came not in the form of civil … mainland by a Zairean strip, was a major target for the anti-MPLA forces – the US, South Africa, Zaire, and their … Angolans and 1,000 Namibians, using 1000 tanks, 1,600 anti-aircraft weapons and artillery, as well as 1,000 …

… From the book:  A Documentary History of Indian South Africans edited by Surendra Bhana and Bridglal … any aspect of the history of indentured Indians, the Indian Immigration records (I.I.) in the Natal Archives are … printed sources: in the annual reports of the Protector of Indian Immigrants and the Indian Immigration Trust Board. The …

… 216 252 members, and the Reformed Church in Africa (mainly Indian) had 2 386 members. More recently the church labelled …

… From the book:  A Documentary History of Indian South Africans edited by Surendra Bhana and Bridglal … discrimination; the increased persecution of people of Indian origin; the virtual incorporation into the Union of … at its 1959 conference to make the year 1960 the greatest anti-pass year. The peaceful crowds who gathered when the …

… provided in the form of duplex flats. Valencia, for the Indian population, came into being in the early 1970s. … opened its doors in May 1964, to be used later to lock anti-apartheid activists behind closed doors in the 1970s and …

… Members of the South African Indian Congress met the Minister of the Interior in Pretoria … representatives of the Union and Imperial Governments, the Indian Government, India and the S.A.I.C. to consider the whole Indian question. The letter to the Minister, dated November …

… of the South African Republic, Stephanus Schoeman led an anti-Pretorius faction. At a meeting held in Rustenburg on 8 … and Ali Ismail opened a store, the first to be owned by an Indian. The Volksraad was bombarded with complaints about the … of Indians in Transvaal towns, but despite restrictive legislation enacted in 1885, Indians continued to settle in …

… does he bolster up his superiority over us by colour-bar legislation? Why does he fear black and Indian merchants? Why does he preclude the African from … South Africa. To take one typical letter in a voluminous anti-Native correspondence in the Bloemfontein Farmer 's …

… From the book:  A Documentary History of Indian South Africans edited by Surendra Bhana and Bridglal … from Mauritius and other colonies’. The Protector of Indian Immigrants claimed that behind it lay Doorasamy … 'Kaffirs', Sunday trading interpreters and inspectors, and Indian jurors. The desire for Indian, involvement in all …

… published on 15 January 1876. The newspaper espoused an anti-English, anti-capitalist and anti-imperialist ideology, decrying free trade in goods, …

… and showed him the sea route to India across the Indian Ocean. They arrived in Calicut in 1498. While the … enabled them to control the trade in the western Indian Ocean as well as the trade with the African kingdoms … people living there. The Portuguese control of the Indian Ocean trade The During the 15th and 16th centuries, …