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… The government of Ciskei introduced the National Security Decree No 19 as an attempt to curb the pressure of the increasing calls for the end of the Ciskei homeland and its integration into the rest of … 1000 jaar , Kaapstad: Human & Rousseau.|O'Malley The Heart of Hope, ' 1993 ', [online], Available at  …

… Africa on 31 December 1986. The country was at the height of political conflict and violence that made it hard for most … to remain operational. Esso South Africa was an affiliate of America’s Exxon. It was one of the main producers of petroleum products. Esso was one of …

… by South African police. This followed the declaration of a State of emergency on 25 July 1985 by President PW Botha in 36 of South Africa’s 260 magisterial districts. Within the first …

… Rixaka, the cultural journal of the African National Congress, was launched to establish a platform allowing full expression of the cultural voice in the national liberation movement. All forms of cultural and artistic expression, such as performing arts, …

… 22 June 1971 a Pretoria court ruled that the former leader of the banned Pan Africanist Congress (PAC), Robert Sobukwe, … allowed to use his exit permit (approved by the Minister of Interior Affairs) to leave South Africa for his studies in the United States. The Minister of Justice, Jimmy Kruger, refused to lift his banning order …

… Three leading members of the United Democratic Front (UDF), Archibald Gumede, Paul … Government was hot on their heels for organising a boycott of elections in August 1984 of the new Indian and Coloured chambers of Parliament and a … Fraser, R. (1985). Keesing's Records of World Events : Longman: London, p. 33765.| South African …

… This region comprised roughly the south-eastern provinces of Nigeria. This declaration came after two military coups … in Nigeria. The Igbo people constituted the majority of the population in the seceded territory. Among the reasons … succession was that the more populous northern provinces of Nigeria were dominating the southern provinces. There was …

… America, Africa, the Caribbean and the U.S Retrospectives of her films have been mounted in Madrid, London,New York and … memory while pursuing a more humane future pervades all of her work, and her uncanny ability to gain access where … have not has earned her a singular standing in the world of documentary film. Mandela and Fidel (2013, 30 min) …

… Marais began writing at a very young age. By the age of 12, he was a published writer. Marais became famous as an Afrikaans writer, even though much of his early writings and early education were in English. He matriculated at the age of sixteen and went on to work as a clerk and later as a …

… about 470 Voortrekkers at dawn. With the advantage of gun powder Zulu warriors were repelled with an estimated 3000 warriors killed. The blood of casualties flowed into Ncome River turning its water red … and Zulu regiments became known as the name "Battle of Blood River". December 16 remained a rallying point for …

… Minister B.J. Vorster declared that if the positive signs of cooperation with the rest of Africa are interpreted accurately, South Africa could … Ten days later, South Africa signed mutual articles of agreement on the Southern African Regional Tourism …

… In 1935, the League of Nations was faced with another crucial test. Benito Mussolini, the Fascist leader of Italy, had adopted Adolf Hitler's plans to expand German … (now Ethiopia) the African country situated on the horn of Africa. Mussolini claimed that his policies of expansion …

… on 1 March 1878 on the farm Zaaifontein, in the district of Fraserburg, South Africa. Visser attended the Huguenot … in Scotland to study medicine. In 1918, he became a member of the Heidelberg Afrikaans and Theatre Association as well as a member of the city council. Visser is considered quite important in …

… was arrested following student rallies to mark the victory of FRELIMO in Mozambique. He was charged under the Terrorism Act and became a defendant in the marathon trial of the SASO Nine in 1975-76. Found guilty of "committing acts capable of endangering the maintenance of …

… on 24 August 1960, in Lansdowne, Cape Town, the daughter of a teacher and factory worker. She became politically … she enrolled for a Teachers Diploma at the University of the Western Cape (UWC), she left South Africa to join the … where she worked under Joe Gqabi, Chief Representative of the ANC in Zimbabwe. As a member of the ANC's military …

… died on 5th September 1868 following a long period of ill health, but his death was kept a secret by his chief councillors and some of his queens who were with him at Emanxiweni. A cart was … on 2nd November. Black oxen were sacrificed to the spirits of the dead king and his ancestors. The King's body and his …

… its adjacent chimney contained the boiler and blower house of a blast furnace and formed part of the iron works established by Cornelis Delfos, better … first time in South Africa. Delfos became a major promoter of Iscor when it was established in 1928, and the company …

… passive resistance campaign Before union, at the turn of the century, conditions for Indian families were very … but soon daughters and wives, who had to carry the burden of feeding and raising families under these conditions, also … help they formed the Indian Women's Association. One of the leading women was Veerammal Naidoo, wife of the …

… Back in 1802, the establishment of a Missionary Village on a deserted farm near Algoa Bay, now Port Elizabeth, became a thorn in the side of the colonial authorities. Established for a group of about 600 indigenous Khoikhoi people by Johannes Theodorus …

… in South Africa, dating back to 1792.  This unique group of 18th century buildings stands in Strand Street , across … as a single architectural entity to meet the needs of the Lutheran Church in Cape Town. When the Dutch first … the Cape in 1652 , the VoC limited the colonist's freedom of worship to the Dutch Reformed faith. However, following a …

… Rhodes is a small University, which enjoys the distinction of having among the best undergraduate pass and graduation … Academic staff member. This is a testimony to the quality of students that Rhodes attracts and of academic provision, and to the commitment of Rhodes staff …

… the other - and one cannot describe the full extent of the beauty of this area of the Wild Coast , (without including the incredible natural …

… K. & Wall, B. (1980). Organize or Starve! The History of the South African Congress of Trade Unions , New York: International Publishers, p.434 … has turned South African life into one vast unfunny game of rugby with every non-Nationalist citizen 'marked' by a …

… The Campanile was erected to commemorate the landing of the 1820 Settlers and is situated at the entrance to the … in 1922. The 50m high Campanile Memorial has a climb of 204 steps that takes one to the Observation Room, offering a magnificent view of the harbor and surroundings, more than 52m above the city. …

… real food and a simple farm lifestyle, is at the heart of Boschendal. One of the oldest Farms in South Africa , founded in 1685. "The … grown with the passing centuries into a cherished source of wholesome produce, great wines and happy memories!"  In …

… It is said that 11 of the world's 20 fastest growing economies are in Africa, … in heritage restoration, and I'm working with a group of people to create a number of academies and performance spaces to encourage native arts …

… Lucia Wetlands Park ) incorporates an astonishing variety of habitats from the Ubombo Mountains to Grasslands, Forests, … in the North, on the Mozambique border. Covering 220 km of coastline, this KwaZulu-Natal Wetland Park brings together … Sibaya , Coastal Forest and Kosi Bay. A very special slice of Africa, the iSimangaliso Wetland Park offers eco-tourists …

… For the first time in the history of the Federation of International Football Association (FIFA), the World Cup … Cup began on 11 June 2010 in South Africa. The first game of the tournament was between the South African team Bafana …

… just above the land presently occupied by the University of Cape Town, a cage like structure was built in 1897 to … surrounded by colonnades for his lions, so that the king of beasts might be royally housed. This was the first idea of a Menagerie on the mountain slope where are now the cages …

… on the route between: Johannesburg and Durban , just North of Harrismith . It falls under the jurisdiction of the  Thabo Mofutsanyana Municipality.   However, Warden is … as many as 1750 people at a time), and lies in the middle of a significant potato, maize and meat farming District. The …