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… was established in April 1973 in with the assistance of the General Factory Workers Benefit Fund (GFWBF). It was … in Pietermaritzburg with Alpheus Mthethwa, an employee of the Benefit Fund, elected branch secretary. This union was … as an independent, non-racial trade union. Amongst one of the companies where the union organised from 1973 was …

… tuition – I dropped out and decided to work for a couple of years and then continue my studies. I worked at SBH Cotton … regret it for one moment. I studied at CityVarsity, School of Media and Creative Arts under the watchful eye of Jenny Altschuler. I loved every minute of my studies and …

… Currie’s Fountain, three students from the Durban campus of the University of Natal –David Hemson, Halton Cheadle and David Davis - … their services. The students were acting on the advice of Durban activist academic Rick Turner, who challenged them …

… The National Heritage Resources Act , no. 25 of 1999, aimed to introduce an interactive and integrated … Resources Agency (SAHRA) and Council. The conservation of shipwrecks as a cultural resource has been significantly enhanced by the improvement of legal protection under the National Heritage Resources …

… course that sought to put Africans back at the center of their history and highlight African agency. With only an overview of apartheid, students undertook to read the biography of an apartheid resister. After getting acquainted with the …

… from two factories called for the establishment of a union. Two months later, the Metal and Allied Workers Union (MAWU), with the assistance of the GFWBF, was launched in Pietermaritzburg in April 1973, … formation, a report (May 1973) on the role and future of the Benefit Fund, suggested that a new strategy should be …

… Written documents are very important sources of history. Letters, diaries, and even old shopping lists can … recognise how important oral traditions are. It is one of the only ways to know what happened in these societies. There are two main types of oral tradition. One is oral history – what, when and why …

… Introduction Full feature on the  History of Women’s struggle in South Africa  will give a broader view of the role played by women in the struggle for freedom. It … in the struggle against apartheid. Today when we think of the leaders of the struggle we tend to think about Nelson …

… November at the World Trade Centre in Kempton Park, east of Johannesburg, Gauteng Province. On 20 December 1991, the … South Africa (CODESA I).  The first plenary meeting of CODESA was chaired by Chief Justice Corbett and Justices … Progressive Party. On 21 December 1991, a Declaration of Intent was signed by all parties except the IFP and the …

… topic or have any content suggestions please click on one of the 'interact' menu options on the right. Buddhist monks … , in Buddhism, refers to two things: 1. The teachings of the Buddha; a person's path to enlightenment. 2. The … that order the universe Reincarnation is the rebirth of a living thing after death into a new body, a human, …

… Land and labour are two very important elements of the economic development of a society, and the way they are used will influence how … history there has always been the fight for ownership of land and the need for cheap labour. Government policies …

… References Gillings, K.G. (1989). "The Bambata rebellion of 1906: Nkandla operations and the Battle of Mome Gorge, 10 June 1906 " Military History Journal, 8(1), … Hadebe, M.M. (2003). A contextualization and examination of the impi yamakhanda (1906 uprising) as reported by J. L. …

… 2 000 and 1 700 years ago This topic focuses on the life of the first farmers of southern Africa and the ways we can find out about them. … people made tools from iron, however, all the other facets of these societies should not be ignored. Archaeologists …

… 1999 the South Africa government commissioned the purchase of R30 billion worth of armaments specifically submarines and frigates from a … the whole country had undertaken to determine the kind of National Defence Force the country needs.The resultant …

… It can be concluded that the death of Biko left a vacuum similar to the one created by the banning of the ANC and the PAC after Sharpeville. On the positive side, many youths had reached a level of consciousness about the plight of Blacks in apartheid …

… In mid 1906, the Natal colonialist in the face of rising Zulu resentment against the imposition of a 'Poll Tax' unleashed one of the most brutal and bloody armed campaign to suppression …

… add a local, provincial, national or international leader of their own choice who has contributed to the advancement of democracy and human rights. SAHO possesses a large database of research material on many other great leaders. The class …

… Island before going to Natal Aubrey Mokoena Local Chairman of SASO, University of the North. Dr. Ben Ngubane Dr. Nkosazana Zuma Thapelo … and Methodist priest. Temba Sono The third president of 71 - 72 SASO called for closer relations with separate …

… anticipating a low turnout or rejection. In the end, 76% of the 2,5 million eligible White voters cast their vote, and … it – setting the basis for the institutionalisation of the new tricameral parliament. The position of prime minister was abolished in favour of a state …

… longer required in the curriculum. The Slave Trade : One of the most controversial issues regarding European … in Africa is the slave trade. The causes and results of the slave trade have been debated for a long time. The … out as the most brutal, widespread and damaging version of slavery ever encountered The Ottoman Empire : The powerful …

… as wagon drivers, etc. They suffered severely as result of the British "scorched earth policy" during which those who … to concentration camps, as were the women and children of their White employers. The rural economy was destroyed as … lines separated the White and Black camps. The inmates of the Black camps, situated along railway lines and on the …

… 1940 Born in Cape Town. 1960s Graduates from the University of Cape Town with Mathematics and English. 1972 Earns a PhD in literature from the University of Texas. Teaches literature at the University of New York until 1983. 1974 Starts writing fiction, and …

… The Market Photo workshop is a division of the Market Theatre Foundation. Founded by renowned … that stimulate interactions and responses to a complex set of backgrounds in culture and identity within a contemporary understanding of art and photography as well as in the social context of …

… to the Progressive Party (PP), was formed after a group of liberal members of the United Party (UP), broke away to form a parliamentary opposition against apartheid. The cause of the split was the UP's inability to find a clear-cut …

… Tutu is born in Klerksdorp, in the then Transvaal province of South Africa. 1961 Desmond Tutu is ordained as a minister … scene." From Desmond Tutu's speech "Fortieth Anniversary of the Republic?" 1984 16 October, Desmond Tutu is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in recognition of his endeavours for a non-violent end to apartheid. …

… medical studies. 1964 Ebrahim and Abu, along with a group of likeminded students in Karachi, establish the Azania Youth … after he makes a complaint about the racist behaviour of pharmaceutical executives visiting the hospital. He begins working at a clinic in the Chicken Farm area of Soweto. At the clinic he installs public toilets, opens a …

… A multitude of African poetics has populated the constantly shifting maps of Africa throughout the twentieth-century and has inhabited the history of South Africa‘s literary cultures with words of hope which …

… are captained by Joseph Twayi who becomes the Treasurer of the South African Native National Congress in 1915.  They … Association joins FIFA, the first association from outside of Europe to do so. The English Football Association sends an … Natal Inter-Race Soccer Board is established with the help of Albert Luthuli . 1947 The soccer team Moroka Swallows is …

… is appointed. 10 June, The first newspaper, The Friend of the Sovereignty and the Bloemfontein Gazette are printed. … status. May, Hoffman elected as first State President of the OFS. 1855 August, JN Boshoff succeeds Hoffman as President of the OFS. 1859 April, 5 municipalities are chosen. April, …

… by people, animals or engines. There are different ways of propelling ships and boats. Some are moved forward (or … (engines). Rafts, canoes and reed boats The first kinds of boats were probably made by hollowing out tree trunks. Another type of primitive boat was the coracle. This was a round-shaped …