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… swelled, overcrowding and rack renting became the order of the day. Black property owners in Sophiatown were … and lively community developed and it is this aspect of Sophiatown that is fondly remembered by the people who lived there. Yet despite this vibrant sense of community, it was also an extremely harsh environment, …

… - 1850) was as follows: There were three groups of people: The Xhosa, who had lived there for hundreds of years. The Trekboers, who moved into the area from the … livestock. The Xhosa believed that land was for the use of all the people. People didn't own land. The chief of a …

… The content listed below applies to the last 10 000 years of the Later Stone Age. Older Stone Age periods go back over hundreds of thousands of years. Farmers entered southern Africa about 1 700 years …

… This article was written by Carly Spagnola and forms part of the SAHO and Southern Methodist University partnership project Since the beginning of the struggle of apartheid in 1948, women were at the forefront of … 2014].|  SPEAK Collective. (1984). “Natal Organization of Women” SPEAK 7. Available at disa.ukzn.ac.za . [Accessed …

… At the annual conference of the African National Congress (ANC) held in Durban on 16 December 1959, the President General of the ANC, Chief Albert Luthuli , announced that 1960 was going to be the "Year of the Pass." Through a series of mass actions, the ANC …

… is a person who submits his life to the way and authority of Allah. This means that everything in a Muslim's life is … someone who can repeat the Shahada, which is a declaration of faith, and understands and believes it completely. The … "There is no God but God, and Muhammad is the messenger of God." Muslim's do five special things as part of their …

… composed to mark this historic occasion.  By the middle of 1956 plans had been laid for the Pretoria march and the … meet with their leaders so they could present their point of view. The request was refused. The ANC then sent Helen Joseph and Bertha Mashaba on a tour of the main urban areas, accompanied by Robert Resha of the …

… businessman and lawyer Nic Barrow and the former head of Naspers, Andrew Marais, as an Afrikaans equivalent of the Grahamstown National Arts Festival , the KKNK launched … in March 199, to establish, and indeed, defend, the place of Afrikaans culture in post-apartheid South Africa. Barrow …

… Strikes in the Schools Presumably, not all students of the earlier generation 'worshipped the school authorities'! The first, recorded stoppages of lessons, (always called strikes in the South African … students in Cape Town reacted to the news they heard of events in Soweto. A teacher at one of the Coloured schools …

… Kenya around 2000BCE, and again in 1000BCE, to occupy most of the area of the country. Around 400CE Bantu-speaking peoples arrived in the country, followed by further waves of Bantu peoples such as the Gusii, Kikuyu, Akamba and Meru …

… The birth of the Industrial and Commercial Union of South Africa (ICU) came about after the ICU strike in Cape … a general meeting in Bloemfontein, with the blessing of the SANNC. Present at the meeting were delegates from the …

… were hosted by the Botswana National Museum in July of 1982 in Gaborone, Botswana as part of The Culture and Resistance Conference. The Culture and … within the South African democratic movement as a way of uniting activists and cultural workers to form a coalition …

… Albert Luthuli  declared that 1960 would be the "Year of the Pass",  with a nation-wide anti-pass campaign to start on 31 March - the anniversary of the 1919 Anti-Pass Campaign 16 March 1960  – At a press … conference, Robert Sobukwe  informs the  Commissioner of  Police, Major General Rademeyer, that the  Pan Africanist …

… blood. Woltons and La Guma17 versus all the rest, but some of the rest also versus Thibedi; the branches also bewildered at this excess of partisanship at head office, and the Trade Unions quite … and not least the Woltons for announcing, in the middle of all the trouble, that they are retiring to England at the …

… the Apartheid Government, were areas to which the majority of the Blacks population was moved to prevent them from living in the urban areas of South Africa. The Bantustans were a major administrative mechanism for the removal of Blacks from the South African political system under the …

… The Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire was one of the most powerful states in the world during the 15th and … Sultan. In 1453, the Ottomans conquered the Christian city of Constantinople and renamed it Istanbul. They gradually … at this time. For example, they were far ahead in terms of medicine, pharmacy, surgery, mathematics science, …

… disagree, and Potgieter moves north to found the town of Schoemansdal, while Burger’s group move south to found … Pedi support, launch an attack on Erholweni, the fortress of the Nzundza under the reign of Chief Mabhogo. But the Pedi, sustaining most of the …

… 2 February 1959. The musical chronicles the rise and fall  of champion boxer Ezekiel ‘King Kong’ Dhlamini. It helped create a new set of opportunities for Black South Africans in the arts and has … theatre to new dimensions. Made possible through the Union of South African Artists and Ian Bernhardt, the musical’s …

… During the 1960s most of Africa’s countries had gained independence except for Namibia. Geographically, Namibia is made up of savannah, dry scrub land, as well as the Kalahari and the … to try and hold on to Namibia throughout the many years of revolution, 1966 – 1990. The South African government also …

… Muslim family who came from lands that are today part of Afghanistan and Uzbekistan. The Moghuls conquered almost all of south Asia in the 16th century. The Emperors ruled over a … first Moghul Emperor was called Babur. He conquered much of north India. Here is an account of a decisive battle: …

… Who are the hunter gatherers of Southern Africa? You may be under the impression that … still find people living as hunter gatherers. This way of living is hundreds of thousands of years old. Imagine that! Living the exact …

… , which in the following years inspires the establishment of Namibian resistance movements. 1957 On the initiative of Andimba Toivo ya Toivo a small group of Namibians in South Africa establish the Ovambo People’s …

… 24, The Bulgarian Communist Party awards Dadoo the Order of Georgi Dimitrov. October 20 - 22, Dr Yusuf Mohamed Dadoo … attends a conference in Berlin on 'The joint struggle of the working class movement and the national liberation … travels to the USSR with Moses Mabhida , General Secretary of the South African Communist Party (SACP) to attend the …

… an African youth. This incident resulted in a wave of violence, starting at the Indian market and soon spread throughout the suburbs of Durban and reached Pietermaritzburg by 19 January. A total of 142 people died in the ensuing violence. Among them were … Meer, I. C. (2006). I Remember - Reminiscences of the Struggle for Liberation and the Role of Indian South …

… The text that follows is a brief summary of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. You can read far … In an interview, Nelson Mandela said: "With the exception of the atrocities against the Jews during the Second World … in South Africa had to work through the question of dealing with the past in order to move forward. The …

… First place: Fairouz West (Western Cape), ‘A history of sport’ Second place: Neo Panane (North West Province), ‘A history of my school’ Third place: Ideline Akimana (Western Cape), ‘ … Special mentions Tregina Mokoena on “The history of Mzinoni High School, Mpumalanga” Daphney Berries on “The …

… The collapse of apartheid and the advent of democracy in South Africa was regionally supported by a group of southern African states called the Frontline States. These …

… 1 January Battle of Artois and Champagne in France begins. 31 January 1915 The German Army makes use of poison gas for the first time in an attack on the Russian position west of Warsaw, Poland. The 18 000 gas shells are rendered …

… A serial site - in Cape Province, South Africa - made up of eight protected areas, covering 553,000-ha. The Cape Floral Region is one of the richest areas for plants in the world. It represents less than 0.5% of the area of Africa but is home to nearly 20% of the …

… Poert Mzwakhe Mbuli, UDF concert 1989 The State of Emergency's continued bannings and repression only led to … also began to call for an end to apartheid. In the light of this situation, the UDF increasingly began to work above ground, forming closer relations with Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) , which was only …