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… near the Town of Norvalspont, bordering the Free State and Eastern Cape Provinces. The stone Bridge spanning the … at Bethulie Drift was opened to traffic in March 1879, and a Village, known as Bethulie Bridge, was established on … oldest surviving hotel. Bethulie’s streets, old bridges, and heritage sites tell stories of a time long past, making …

… the earth's population stands at more than 6 billion and this puts an increasing amount of strain on the environment and society. Overwhelmingly the greatest population growth is among poor and underdeveloped countries. References: World Population …

… an amendment to the local elections, was unconstitutional, and that parliament did not have the right to delegate such … planned. Mandela responded by declaring that the elections and preparations would continue as planned despite the … of the ruling, he said he would consult with the Cabinet and Parliament, which had gone into recess on September 15, …

… arrested after the Sharpeville anti-pass campaign of 1960 and harshly sentenced to three years in prison. At the end of … in political activities as result of the banning order, and as such could not be quoted by any person or by the … Honours Degree in Economics from the University of London, and also began studying for a Law Degree. References: "Robert …

… Portuguese explorers discovered the island of Bioko, and later colonized the islands of Fernando Poo and Annobon. They retained control of Equatorial Guinea until … colony in 1900. With increasing nationalist sentiment and escalating pressure from the United Nations (UN) General …

… Contents and Coontributors Stories: Mama Ndiyalila by Mothobi … Staffworker, Bra Luke Sophiatown by Miriam Tlali; Society and Art, Toward Patriotic Art by Mpikayipheli; Staffrider … Shafika wa Metwalli directed by Laila Abou-Saif.  Gallery and Graphics: Percy Sedumedi, Mzwakhe, Mogorosi Motshumi, …

… Congress is in full support of all-in national talks, and if talks are not held, we feel that demonstrations should … in this country can take. Apart from mass meetings and processions, one means of making the government and the white people see the way we feel would be a general …

… by failing "to take the public into its confidence, and to motivate it adequately in regard to its actions and objectives in the Angolan Civil War ." Sir De Villiers … He pointed out that South Africa is an African state and that the Republic as such cannot escape her …

… name. Across the valley from Mzimhlophe there was Gubazi and behind it Singabantu which were also relocation … 1 000 new top structures within the project area, and will therefore service approximately 1 000 beneficiaries and their associated families. …

… The former Prime Minister of South Africa and apartheid mastermind, Dr H.F. Verwoerd opened South … on a commercial scale, but was employed for research and the production of isotopes, useful in several fields. … only country in the world to manufacture nuclear weapons and then give them up. …

… have been busy organising the African Metal Trades Union and as you will see from the letter they have sent you, … the Spark, Spartacus Club, etc in giving pulbicity to, and gaining support for the strike of the African metal workers. Miners are joining our union and a victory in this strike will give to the Troskyites the …

… of sporting codes including cricket, tennis, athletics and rugby. While Botha was studying at the University of … his career with the Springboks during his 12 year career and was the highest scorer in South African rugby history … commentator. He is married to Karen, a former athlete and they have three daughters. …

… towards a negotiated peaceful political settlement and in the context of the agreements reached, the ANC … effect. As a result of this, no further armed actions and related activities by the ANC and its military wing, uMkhonto we Sizwe will take place. It …

… An express train carrying seven cars and an estimated one thousand people destined for Addis … reaching the curve which resulted in the train derailing and plunging into a ravine. About 400 people died and about 500 were injured in the accident. The accident …

… from 1872. Dinizulu was recognized as the legitimate heir and succeeded Cetshwayo in 1884. This was after Cetshwayo … had been exiled to the Cape Colony by the British and was released in 1882 after a campaign run by the Anglican … in a state of unrest following conflicts between the Zulus and British. This was precipitated when the British divided …

… other apartheid atrocities, such as those at Sharpeville and Soweto, it produced a tangible shift in the political … situation at the time. It provoked renewed school boycotts and resulted in further clashes between communities and the police throughout the country. By July the tensions …

… the Anglo-Alpha cement company. In 1982, he led a strike, and started to get  involved in the Trade Union Movement. In … underground for both the African National Congress (ANC) and the South African Communist Party (SACP). His position as … Shilowa then joined the Congress of the People (COPE) and was elected Deputy President in December 2008. He has …

… History of Indian South Africans edited by Surendra Bhana and Bridglal Pachai Two petitions were submitted to the Durban Corporation, on 9 and 12 October 1866 respectively. The first, addressed to the town clerk, was signed by ‘5 Coolies’, and the second, addressed to the mayor, by ‘2 Coolies’. …

… History of Indian South Africans edited by Surendra Bhana and Bridglal Pachai Robert E. Somasundram was unhappy as a teacher and enquired in a letter dated 3 June 1891 whether the … standard. I have passed my middle school examination and hold a government certificate to that effect. I am now …

… Boers capitalised on the San's knowledge of the terrain and attacked at 02:50 in pitch darkness. The burgers achieved … success, but could not gain a foothold on the slopes and were not able to open direct fire on the main camp … The Boer commando suffered about eighty casualties and the British seventy-five. About 300 horses of the British …

… a racial basis. This was done to foster  White superiority and to entrench the minority White regime at the expense of … was futile, as there were many urban areas where Black and White South Africans lived side by side.   On 27 April … within the urban locale. It also restricted ownership and the occupation of land to a specific statutory group. …

… opened by the Mayor of Cape Town, the Rev. A. J. S. Lewis and attended by more than 200 people. By the 1870s many Cape … The car could ascend the mountain in under 10 minutes and carried 19 passengers and a conductor. …

… those people who wanted to continue with the boycott and those who thought it was better for learners to return to … seriously. It handed over leadership to the Women's League and Congress Youth League. Some learners returned to school and those who did not were expelled. The African Education …

… of an aberration as many of the initiatives he proposed and enacted were beneficial to the African citizenry within … electorate of South Rhodesia, this was simply too much, and Todd's entire cabinet resigned, forcing him to reform a … own party rejected him as leader. Many people, both Black and White regard the memory of Garfield Todd with great …

… At the age of 19, he became an assistant at a school, and went on to study at St. John's College in Cambridge, where he became a teacher and fellow. On 26 October 1813, Fallows was appointed to be … He died of scarlet fever in Simon's Town on 25 July 1831, and was buried at the Royal Observatory. References: …

… of the world.   Foreign intervention was condemned and the withdrawal of Cuban and South African troops were demanded. …

… Zoo is well known for its collection of primates and is the home of the 'Big Five.' The Zoo pioneered the breeding of the liger, a cross between a lion and tiger. …

… Ceres Road was located at the entrance to Mitchell's Pass, and adjoined the Village of Wolseley. Both were established after the railway line from Cape Town and Tulbagh Road reached Ceres Road on 3 November 1875. …

… by Auret van Heerden, to both the NUSAS Congress in Durban and to a joint sitting of the AZASO General Students Council and COSAS National Council in Durban, November - December 1982 …

… African National Congress. Presents historical overview and includes statements from the government and the ANC. …