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… a railway line to Johannesburg and tried to get as much of the Transvaal's railway traffic as it could by reducing … The Transvaal government increased the rates on the part of the railway that ran through the Transvaal once it had … to the Drift crisis the Jameson Raid was the culmination of the activities of the Reform Movement, which a number of …

… In mid 1906, the Natal colonialist in the face of rising Zulu resentment against the imposition of a 'Poll Tax' unleashed one of the most brutal and bloody armed campaign to suppression …

… add a local, provincial, national or international leader of their own choice who has contributed to the advancement of democracy and human rights. SAHO possesses a large database of research material on many other great leaders. The class …

… Island before going to Natal Aubrey Mokoena Local Chairman of SASO, University of the North. Dr. Ben Ngubane Dr. Nkosazana Zuma Thapelo … and Methodist priest. Temba Sono The third president of 71 - 72 SASO called for closer relations with separate …

… anticipating a low turnout or rejection. In the end, 76% of the 2,5 million eligible White voters cast their vote, and … it – setting the basis for the institutionalisation of the new tricameral parliament. The position of prime minister was abolished in favour of a state …

… the Vita Dance Umbrella in Johannesburg. The focus of the Dance Umbrella was to offer a free and open platform to any form of dance as long as it was a new contemporary work. The first edition of the festival opened in February 1989 with fourteen …

… longer required in the curriculum. The Slave Trade : One of the most controversial issues regarding European … in Africa is the slave trade. The causes and results of the slave trade have been debated for a long time. The … out as the most brutal, widespread and damaging version of slavery ever encountered The Ottoman Empire : The powerful …

… with 400 delegates from the Western Cape attending. Some of the women who pioneered the organisation had been active … Zihlangu, Mildred Lesia and Dora Tamana were members of the ANC. Tamana who was aged 80 at the time and confined … For instance, Amy Thornton a white woman who a member of the Congress of Democrats (COD) who was banned for her …

… 1940 Born in Cape Town. 1960s Graduates from the University of Cape Town with Mathematics and English. 1972 Earns a PhD in literature from the University of Texas. Teaches literature at the University of New York until 1983. 1974 Starts writing fiction, and …

… The Market Photo workshop is a division of the Market Theatre Foundation. Founded by renowned … that stimulate interactions and responses to a complex set of backgrounds in culture and identity within a contemporary understanding of art and photography as well as in the social context of …

… to the Progressive Party (PP), was formed after a group of liberal members of the United Party (UP), broke away to form a parliamentary opposition against apartheid. The cause of the split was the UP's inability to find a clear-cut …

… Tutu is born in Klerksdorp, in the then Transvaal province of South Africa. 1961 Desmond Tutu is ordained as a minister … scene." From Desmond Tutu's speech "Fortieth Anniversary of the Republic?" 1984 16 October, Desmond Tutu is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in recognition of his endeavours for a non-violent end to apartheid. …

… medical studies. 1964 Ebrahim and Abu, along with a group of likeminded students in Karachi, establish the Azania Youth … after he makes a complaint about the racist behaviour of pharmaceutical executives visiting the hospital. He begins working at a clinic in the Chicken Farm area of Soweto. At the clinic he installs public toilets, opens a …

… A number of interrelated factors led to the South African War. The … text below include; the conflicting political ideologies of imperialism and republicanism, the discovery of gold on the Witwatersrand, tension between political …

… a delegation to the UK in response to the implementation of new land laws in the Orange Free State, which had stripped black residents of their legally bought land. 1919 The ANC sends another delegation to the UK in the wake of World War I. 1921  The Communist Party of South Africa …

… A multitude of African poetics has populated the constantly shifting maps of Africa throughout the twentieth-century and has inhabited the history of South Africa‘s literary cultures with words of hope which …

… are captained by Joseph Twayi who becomes the Treasurer of the South African Native National Congress in 1915.  They … Association joins FIFA, the first association from outside of Europe to do so. The English Football Association sends an … Natal Inter-Race Soccer Board is established with the help of Albert Luthuli . 1947 The soccer team Moroka Swallows is …

… is appointed. 10 June, The first newspaper, The Friend of the Sovereignty and the Bloemfontein Gazette are printed. … status. May, Hoffman elected as first State President of the OFS. 1855 August, JN Boshoff succeeds Hoffman as President of the OFS. 1859 April, 5 municipalities are chosen. April, …

… by people, animals or engines. There are different ways of propelling ships and boats. Some are moved forward (or … (engines). Rafts, canoes and reed boats The first kinds of boats were probably made by hollowing out tree trunks. Another type of primitive boat was the coracle. This was a round-shaped …

… development programme that functioned under the umbrella of CAPAB Ballet in Cape Town , now known as the Cape Town … College in Gugulethu . Boyd was following the steps of his previous ballet teacher and director of Cape Town City Ballet, David Poole. Poole taught ballet …

… around to find different plant foods at different times of the year, as well as good water resources. They believed … and stone and clothing from animal skins. For thousands of years, hunter-gatherers lived all over southern Africa. We know this because of the San’s rock paintings and engravings which show us how …

… 1646 : His father, Adrian van der Stel dies in the line of duty and the family moves to Batavia. 1659 : Maria Leviens … sons and sister in-law Cornelia Six. He soon takes up post of VOC Commander of the Cape. Van der Stel authorises expansion beyond the …

… were deplorable. The voyages were long, with the danger of disease breaking out, ever lurking. The Suffolk departed … at Port Natal (Durban) on 7 March, an arduous journey of 40 days. The logbook of Surgeon W. Watson of the Suffolk  of 1887 records that …

… which called for ‘comprehensive segregation’. The effects of their protests were however, not far reaching, and their … became a mass movement most active in the 1920s. For much of the 1920s the ANC was considered moribund, with the ICU … the political landscape in both urban and rural areas of South Africa. The late 1920s saw internal conflict between …

… South Africa's Constitution (1996) enshrines the supremacy of the Constitution and the rule of law. Everyone in South Africa, including the government, … the Constitution. The Constitution also contains the Bill of Rights , which it describes as the 'cornerstone of …

… is in essence the realization by the Black man of the need to rally together with his brothers around the cause of their oppression - the blackness of their skin and to operate as a group in order to rid …

… 70 000 platinum mine workers went on strike. The majority of workers were from major platinum producers such as Impala … and Lonmin Platinum Mines based in the Rustenburg are of the North West Province.  These mine workers belong to a newly formed trade union, Association of Mines and Construction Union (AMCU) under the leadership …

… 1999. Robben Island is located in Table Bay, some 6km west of Bloubergstrand, and stands some 30m above sea level. … outpost. Initially the island was inhabited by a variety of wild life, including birds, penguins, seals and tortoises. … the Dutch, meaning a seal. It also had a plentiful supply of fresh water available from a number of springs. Batolomeu …

… In an attempt to escape, they took refuge in a branch of Volkskas Bank in Silverton, Pretoria. They held 25 civilians in the bank hostage, making a number of demands, including a meeting with State President Vorster, the release of Nelson Mandela and a man called Mange, as well as R100 000 …

… reports about what they had seen at the Cape – plenty of water, fertile land and lots of wild animals. The VOC was the wealthiest and most powerful … East and months to sail back home. On these voyages, many of the sailors died from a disease called scurvy. Scurvy is …