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… the country left the Commonwealth and became a republic in 1961. Die Volksblad Het Volksblad was a transformation of … SA’s ties with Britain to declare SA a republic on 31 May 1961. When Verwoerd was killed on 6 September 1966, he was …

… the first state president of the South African Republic of 1961. Their function was to stiffen their party’s caucus when … unjust laws (in 1952) and ultimately armed struggle (in 1961), were options that were eventually undertaken but in …

… did not have problems with working underground [14] . In 1961, Tanzania officially ceased with recruitments to South …

… to travel and have to withdraw from the conference. 1961 Port Elizabeth Bus Boycott. Memory Vakalisa is elected …

… independent of Britain a few months later on 27 April 1961. On the day of Sierra Leone's Independence, …

… Winnie Madikizela-Mandela , the couples' second daughter. 1961 The African National Congress (ANC) and the Pan …

… South Africa. South African Women's football starts. 1961 FIFA suspends the Football Association of South Africa …

… two remained in contact. Haenggi would open Gallery 101 in 1961.  At 25, in 1963, Dumile contracted tuberculosis again …

… Bruce Berry, “Governors-General of South Africa (1910 – 1961), Crwflags, (Uploaded: 2017), (Accessed: 9 November …

… movement during the trial, which lasts until 1961. 19 December, the Treason Trial prisoners were held in …

… Republic of South Africa Constitution Act, Act No 32 of 1961. Riotous Assemblies Act, Act No 17 of 1956 In terms of …

… I can to prevent them, I too am guilty.’ (Jaspers, 1961, p.36). As Smiley advances, this involves a ‘moral guilt … Modern African Studies . Vol. 28 (1). P 1 -22.|Jaspers, K (1961) The Question of German Guilt. New York: …

… a majority of votes until the Republic referendum in 1961. 1949 19 September, The gold price rises by 44%. 1950 1 … State of Emergency declared. The ANC and PAC are banned. 1961 31 May, South Africa becomes a Republic. 1962 liquor …

… African origin should project.’ [ix] During the Spring of 1961, Masekela met Harry Belafonte who took him into his …

… tried in vain to consolidate their power. In January 1961, Lumumba was handed over to the Katanga secessionist …

… 15 September, Adelaide and the children land in London. 1961 5 August, Delivers a speech, Racial Problems in South …

… Xuma flies from Jan Smuts airport to London and New York. 1961 12 January: Xuma accepts a government- organised …

… Meeting of the Communist and Workers’ Parties in Moscow. 1961 Ronnie Kasrils and Chris Hani join the SACP. SACP and … Africans are instigated to strike on 29, 30 and 31 May 1961. A case in compliance with Section 2 (A) of the Act …

… form cells and commence work towards the armed struggle in 1961 1959 4-6 April, An Africanist group who broke away from … of the PAC is born Rosenkranz in Northern Transvaal. 1961 29 March, Phillip Kgosana arrives in Dar-es-Salaam after …

… Sixties With South Africa set to become a republic in May 1961, the AAM called for the country to be expelled from the … an invitation to attend the AAM’s national committee in 1961. The TUC continued a policy of constructive engagement, …

… Resha . 7 October, Bram closes the case for the defence. 1961 Bram is appointed Johannesburg Bar Council chairman. …

… of Freedom Charter which accepted multiracialism. 1956 - 1961 South African Congress of Trade Union (SACTU) … 4 years, they are found not guilty and discharged in March 1961 when the trial end. 1957 - 1960 The South African …

… to sharing restaurants with the other racial groups (1961: 183). There was also resistance from Cape Town City …

… Nations on the Security Council resolution of 1 April. 1961 23 January, Reportof the Secretary-General of the United … in the general debate on the Director-General's report. In 1961, the conference had asked the Governing Body to forward …

… of apartheid begins in South Africa, and lasts until 1961. Congres des Artists et Ecrivains Noirs is organized by … Colonel Joseph-Desire Mobutu in the former Belgian Congo. 1961 Patrice Lumumba, Congolese prime minister, is murdered …

… of apartheid begins in South Africa, and lasts until 1961 Congres des Artists et Ecrivains Noirs is organized by … Colonel Joseph-Desire Mobutu in the former Belgian Congo 1961 Patrice Lumumba, Congolese prime minister, is murdered …

… Mabuza then turned to teaching, having returned home in 1961. Mabuza first applied for a position in Vryheid, South …

… in South Africa. Consequently, he ran away to Swaziland in 1961. [xliii] But he was not just leaving behind his …

… banned in South Africa. 66 Published in England in 1961, Shooting At Sharpeville not only contained images of …

… and becomes the first national daily newspaper in Kenya. 1961 February – KANU wins the first general election under …