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… that laid the foundation for apartheid. On 21 March 1960 police opened fire on a crowd demonstrating against pass …

… meeting of the Anti-Apartheid Movement (AAM) in London. 1960 Huddleston is consecrated as Bishop of Masasi, Tanzania …

… Independence in the Congo Independence was granted in 1960, and the country was named the Republic of the Congo. … at the time as a threat to the West. On 5 September 1960, President Kasavubu dismissed Lumumba, and Lumumba … to be the legal central government. On 14 September 1960, power was seized by the Congolese army leader Colonel …

… sixteen years before the official start of apartheid. In 1960 she was exiled from South Africa. She was not able to … her to move to New York City. Makeba released albums in 1960 and 1963, both times making the billboard 200 in the …

… Evelyn Mase, and marries Nomzamo Winnie Madikizela 1960 Sharpeville Massacre A State of Emergency is imposed and …

… is elected as the first president of the organisation. 1960 February, Sobukwe, Potlako Leballo and several members … country and mobilise political support abroad. 21 March 1960, Sobukwe resigns from his post as a lecturer. As he …

… on a daily basis, in front of the Johannesburg City Hall 1960. © Jurgen Schadeberg The Black Sash was formed in 1955 …

… rights which were committed during the period from 1 March 1960 to the cut-off date including the antecedents, …

… justification was that of sanitation (Dison and Mohamed, 1960: 24). 1894 The Glen Gray Act, passed by Cecil Rhodes in … areas (South African Institute for Race Relations, 1960: 147). August 25, 26: Dr. Dadoo makes a statement … refused (South African Institute for Race Relations, 1960: 148). 19 November: Bosmont and New Monteleo in …

… Campaign and detained under the State of Emergency in 1960 . He was first banned in 1962. From 1978 to 1990 he was … will have to be made’. 23 December 1959 - 2 January 1960, Dr Monty Naicker and the NIC organised a “Freedom Fair” …

… followed other integrated showings, including the 1960 Lawrence Adler Galleries competition and the 1961 …

… as passive resistance is traded in for an armed struggle. 1960 The OPO becomes the South West African People’s …

… a petition against pass laws. The banning of the ANC in 1960 disrupted the activities of the Women's League as …

… urgently required. The Reserve was about 180 000 strong in 1960. It is unclear when women became part of the Defence …

… ) areas. This was the first State of Emergency since 1960, and gave the police powers to detain, impose curfews …

… Africa and from leaving his home district for five years. 1960 April 7, The Extension of University Education Amendment … Chief Luthuli is informed that he has been awarded the 1960 Nobel Prize for Peace for his 'fight against racial … to Oslo via London to receive the Nobel Peace Prize for 1960. December 10, Wearing ceremonial garb, Chief Luthuli …

… The first church, The Church of the Nazarine, was built in 1960 on the corner of 9th Street West and 10th Street West. … services 21% Manufacturing 17% Mining 1% Year Population 1960 650 1970 21037 1996 48211 2001 54457 2010 +/- 60 000 The …

… on behalf of the anti-apartheid movements. On March 21, 1960, five thousand South Africans protested the pass laws at … Ellis, author of External Mission: The ANC in Exile 1960-1990, believed that the MK only mostly aided in “ … 25 October 2016]. 2011. “Sharpeville Massacre, 21 March 1960” from South Africa History Online. [ONLINE] Available …

… population from 35,000 persons in 1951 to 97,000 in 1960. As a result KwaZakele was established in 1956, and …

… their demands into a national liberation movement. In 1960, they created the South-West African People's …

… United States (US). Other conferences were held in January 1960 in Tunisia followed by another one in Egypt in March …

… in the northern Mozambican town of Mueda on 16th June 1960 has been inscribed in the nationalist narrative as the … “The ‘turn to armed struggle’ and the ‘turn to sanctions,’ 1960-1969” Abstract Scholarship on the “turn to armed … leaders of the liberation movements came to believe after 1960 that UN economic sanctions were both desirable and …

… schemes in Moroka and Jabavu. Between 1947 and 1960, the government embarked upon a massive housing scheme … would to repay the loan after a period of 30 years. In 1960 the Mentz commission recommended that all 'black spots' …

… discrimination, alongside the ANC, until its unbanning in 1960. For 30 years they fought against apartheid through … as the Bantu Women’s League up until the ANC’s banning in 1960, the league was very active, participating in riots and … mass demonstrations for the anti-pass campaign in 1956. In 1960, the ANC was banned and thus so was the ANCWL but …