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… detention without trial, pass laws, influx control, and job reservation on grounds of colour, racially separate amenities, Group Areas and forced removals. She demanded trade union rights for black people and fought for better wages and working conditions. In 1974 …

… rice, for example, more than doubled, while that of dhall and ghee tripled in price. Unemployment among the Indian … The ISL also organized night classes in Marxist literature and theory. (Mantzaris: 1983: 116). In March 1917, the Indian … Union was established with Bernard Sigamoney as secretary and Gordon Lee as chairman, both members of the International …

… has been written about it. Written SOURCES include books and newspapers. Nowadays we use the internet to find written … we find online? Read the following written source below and see what you can learn from it. South Africa won and held the world cup in 1995 South Africa hosted and won …

… Priority Crime Investigation, known as the Hawks (DPCI), and disbanded the Scorpions, was constitutionally valid. In … legislation establishing the Hawks was unconstitutional and ‘invalid to the extent that it fails to secure an … landed a plum job with the controversial Gupta family and that the president’s controversial friends may have …

… not occur in a vacuum, as we are part of a large continent and a much larger world. Therefore, what happens in the … is important to understand the international background, and what the world was like in the 1960s. This will help us … towards the end of the 1980s. During the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, world politics was dominated by the rivalry …

… leader, was actually the first casualty. Pat Hopkins and Helen Grange claim in The Rocky Rioter Teargas Show, … the uprising. It asks controversial questions on the ANC and Winnie Madikizela-Mandela's involvement in the uprising, and the National Party Cabinet's "complicity in the ensuing …

… the outpost was the danger posed by armed Khoe (Korana) and groups of mixed ancestry (Griqua). According to one … (about 1801). The word ‘Dithakong’ means ‘place of walls’ and refers to a large concentration of stonewalling on a hill … that the Fokeng moved up from northern KwaZulu-Natal and were originally Nguni speaking. Type N walling, as it is …

… of two corruption charges . This split between President and former Deputy President led to a split in the ANC itself, … stating that it was a “... no-holds barred, a brutal and all-consuming disagreement between two major ANC … premiers – often against the will of the ANC rank and file.” [3] This had the effect of fostering bad feeling …

… in another country. Banish Send someone away from a place and to forbid them from coming back. Boycott Refuse to use … in which the people have a say in who their leader is and where they all have equal rights. Discriminate Treat … of the basic rights that everyone has to be treated fairly and not in a cruel way, especially by their government. …

… Mail, English morning paper, until 1980. 1969 Detained and kept in solitary confinement for 586 days. Magubane was made to stand for 5 days and 5 nights on three bricks of which the middle one was … unstable. He was given only black bitter coffee to drink and collapsed on the fifth day. 1970 Placed under Banning …

… When the Dutch settled in South Africa in the 16th and 17th centuries they transplanted their Dutch Reformed … system of apartheid, which institutionalized separation and stratification of the people of South Africa according to race. The social segregation of Black, Coloured and White people was reflected in the establishment of …

… artefact comes from the Latin words arte meaning skill and facere meaning to make, so all artefacts are made or used … in the world!) are people who look at these artefacts and can tell a lot about the people who left them behind. In … objects to give us information. Look at the picture below and answer the questions that follow. Remember that sometimes …

… 1963, as well as The NAPAC Dance Company, the Loft Company and the Musicals department. In the late 1980s reductions in state funding and pressure from political organisations led to NAPAC going through a process of transformation and between 1993 and 1994 it was restructured. This in turn …

… Isangomas and inyangas are the two main types of indigenous or … in South Africa. Isangomas Isangomas are spiritual healers and are often women. They are people who diagnose illness. … why sangomas look at the environment that people live and work in to find reasons for their illness. Sangomas also …

… that kept black people out of other professions: economic and legal discrimination, a lack of available training, a lack of money (subsidies favoured white, and specifically Afrikaans film makers) and an often-hostile environment. In addition there was …

… in 1848 [i] . At the time of his arrival , King Mzilikazi and the southern Ndebele peoples (referred to as Amatebele) … in what became Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe ). [iii] In 1854 and 1855 MW Pretorius bought two farms, the Elandspoort and Koedoespoort [iv] . His aim was to establish a new town …

… focussing on contemporary South African reviews, criticism and creative writing. The magazine aimed to be apolitical, … Livingstone; Oswald Mtshali; Christopher Mann; Ruth Keech; and fiction by Alan Paton and Fiona Morphet and George Brendon. Reviews of new books by …

… research on race relations. From 1933 the SAIRR wrote and published quarterly a Race Relations Journal . Articles were authored by political analysts, economists and sociologists, and focused on socio economic conditions of those who were …

… racial groups, mainly Africans as residents. Coloureds and Indians are still a minority at this stage. 1921-1930 … in the other adjacent freehold townships of Newclare and Matindale. 1932-1937 Successful slum clearance in the … the army. Henry Nxumalo, a well known Sophiatown resident and journalist is one of those that went to war. 1946 …

… provided renewed impetus for the resistance movements, and the 1980s was a decade which became a turning point in … the apartheid regime reached its height in the 1980s, and the government responded with extreme brutality and repression. Please note that this section is detailed and …

… Institute of Journalism, Berlin, Kenya Polytechnic and the Market Photo Workshop. Has a BA(Hons) in Journalism and Diplomas in Photojournalism and Graphic Arts Communication. Awards: Award For Freedom …

… It apparently absorbed the Bantu Women's League (BWL) and Charlotte Maxeke , who had headed the BWL, became the … of the NCAW. It was not a highly politicized body and restricted its efforts mainly to social issues. It … with the white liberals of the Joint Councils Movement and this drew criticism from the more radical black …

… a long neck supporting a rather bulbous head, long legs and elegant wing plumes which sweep to the ground. Blue … , but are also seen in the grasslands of KwaZulu-Nata l and the highveld, usually in pairs or small family parties. It grazes in the field and eats seeds, insects and small reptiles. The Blue Crane …

… with his own woodcuts. 1974 The Writer’s and Artist’s Guild formed, to provide structures of support … is published Banning of 18 cultural organizations and two Black-edited newspapers in 1977 1978 PEN, … Johannesburg founded to bridge the gap between the Writers and artists Guild and the townships. It organised readings …

… is often found in rough surf right next to the shore and is commonly known among anglers. Near rocks the colour of … or black bream. The record size for Galjoen is over 55 cm and 7 kg, however the average is much smaller. The diet of … consists mainly of red bait (ascidians), small mussels and barnacles. The scales are very firmly attached and fins …

… Before we look at the Hominid discoveries in South Africa and East Africa we need a basic understanding of the concept of evolution and its theories, as well as archeology. Note: Some grade 7 sections are under construction and still link to old content. Also note, there may be minor …

… the women in Natal made contact with the Transvaal women and a delegation travelled to Soweto, where a resolution was … was launched, the women adopted a constitution and resolved to deal with issues related to education, housing, labour, rural development, and detentions. The federation's first president was Fatima …

… Heritage – our past, and where we come from – means different things to different … way, while others see it as having a broader historical and political significance. In this section, we will explore … Note: Some grade 10 sections are under construction and still link to old content. Also note, there may be minor …

… from some of the last /Xam speakers in the 1860s and 1870s. These pages record not just the /Xam language, but also their myths, beliefs and rituals. A comprehensive /Xam dictionary was produced by … the tongue against the gum root in the middle of the mouth and click hard. This is similar to the q sound in Zulu, for …

… the Native Advisory Boards, African Vigilance Associations and African religious groups; the convention was opened by … Jabavu was elected chairman of the preliminary meetings and later President of the convention. AB Xuma became … Vice-President, H Selby Msimang became General Secretary and JS Moroka became Treasurer. Other members of the …