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… was open to the demands for land by the Voortrekkers and Andries Pretorius recognised him as King of the AmaZulu and as an ally. In March 1839 the Voortrekkers declared the republic of Natalia at Pietermaritzburg, and Pretorius established his farm on the site of the future …

… was led by the head of the Krugersdorp Municipal Dramatic and Operatic Society, Petrus Philippus Benjamin Breytenbach. … aims of the Federation was the promotion of co-operation and collaboration between the theatrical societies, establish … funds to promising members within the societies and assist with academic facilities, costumes and scenery. …

… on 'The joint struggle of the working class movement and the national liberation movement against imperialism and for social progress'. 1981 February 23 - March 3, Dr … 29, Dr Dadoo attends a meeting of the African Communists and Workers Party in Moscow. July 30, Dr Dadoo speaks at the …

… "We seek to create a united Democratic and non-racial society. We have a vision of South Africa in which black and white shall live and work together as equals in conditions of peace and …

… in the USA bring about a crisis of capitalism? Background and focus It is important to understand that the focus of … how the USSR had developed. WE now look at Capitalism and its development in the US. Learners MUST understand that … nature of the globe in Grade 12. So, pay attention, and make notes for next year. Having looked at socialism (and …

… day is a commemoration of the 1960 Sharpeville Massacre and how far the nation has come in the protection of … It enshrines the rights of all people in the country and affirms the democratic values of human dignity, equality and freedom. The Bill of Rights was born out of the …

… station in 1652 for their ships sailing between Europe and India. As a result, ‘the mother city’ is the centre for … with archaeological data from such places as wells and cellars to understand domestic life in early Cape Town. … They study military life from the remains at outposts and in the Castle ( see forts and military sites ). Recently, …

… To know about events earlier than this, elderly relatives and friends may be able to recall their experiences of that time. Books and films also inform about the past. How do the writers of these books and the makers of the films find out about thousands or even …

… sentiments were also directed against the "indentured" and "free" Indians. This was ironic as in the 1850s the Natal … the plantations. As it turned out, very few re-indentured and they began to settle in large numbers in Natal. Act 17 of … after five years labour (i.e., it assisted repatriation); and as the Indian contributed nothing towards income tax and …

… 1920s - including members of the ICU, the Communist Party and the African National Congress (ANC) - were influenced to … return of all Afro-Americans to their ancestral homes - and to this end he had founded the Universal Negro … in 1914. By 1925 opponents of white racism, in cities and rural districts but especially in the eastern Cape - had …

… By the late 1970s, and especially as a result of the June 1976 uprising , the … Movement (BCM), the resurgent trade union movement, and the re-emergence of Charterist groupings that coalesced … sanctions campaign, boycotts against South Africa, and an economy more and more structurally constrained by the …

… To this end, he successfully acquired Bechuanaland and soon set his sights on Matabeleland. Image of King … by the superior firepower of British regulars in 1879, and hoped to steer clear of confrontations with Rhodes and the British, so in exchange for wealth and arms he …

… in '97, but couldn't afford the tuition – I dropped out and decided to work for a couple of years and then continue my studies. I worked at SBH Cotton Mills as a machine operator for 9 years, and then quit to pursue my photography career. I spent my …

… In 1975, Anne Mayne, a survivor of both domestic violence and a gang rape, attended the UN International Year of the Women Conference in Mexico City and subsequently visited the US – experiences which were … was formed the following year (Russell, 1989; Maconachie and van Zyl, 1994). Two years later Gabby Marcus, a RCCT …

… the South African political system under the many laws and policies created by Apartheid. The idea was to separate Blacks from the Whites, and give Blacks the responsibility of running their own independent governments, thus denying them protection and any remaining rights a Black could have in South Africa. …

… Constance Stuart-Larrabee, Dick Findlay, Alexis Preller and Prof AL Meiring who, together with architectural students … academics. Thus, barring a brief hiatus during the 1920s and 1930s, some aspects of their built environment, most … architecture, for it not only does provides a strong and unbroken link to the built environment of the Ndebele …

… crops, livestock etc. The skills used to access and create these elements have been traditionally passed on … within the New South Africa. I have been working off and on for almost thirty years on a project in this village, … documenting the life of a man named Petros Mulaudzi and his family. In February 2010 I returned to Nthabalala to …

… arrived, bringing with them a different way of life and new ideas about the world. For the San hunter-gatherers … many aspects of the Khoikhoi way of life were strange and difficult to understand. This map shows three possible … more likely route as there is a greater supply of water and pastures along it. There is evidence of similarities in …

… Porbandar, in present-day Gujarat. 1876 Kasturba Kapadia and Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi are betrothed by their fathers. 1882 Kasturba and Mohandas are married at the age of thirteen. Kasturba … Kasturba Gandhi leaves for South Africa with her husband and family. The ships Courland and Nadir are quarantined …

… government's model for its urban apartheid legislation and policies. However, there are still glaring gaps in … regime. More significantly, there is a need to explain how and why the NP government succeeded in destroying Sophiatown … As with the destruction of inner city slumyards and resettlement of the communities in Orlando, the JCC was …

… was following the steps of his previous ballet teacher and director of Cape Town City Ballet, David Poole. Poole … All grew extensively as more dance teachers were recruited and the programme included diverse dance styles such as contemporary, jazz and latin dance, thus renaming the organisation to “Dance For …

… Both sexes have horns but those of the ram are thicker and rougher. This species has adapted to the dry, barren areas and open grass plains and is thus found especially in the Free State, North West …

… be made to the Immigration Act. Gandhi rejects Smuts offer and calls off talks. 24 June: A mass meeting of 700 – 800 was … Smuts broke off. 16 August: Another mass meeting was held and registration certificates were burnt  at Fordsburg … contracts. 1912 January, Gandhi resumes talks with Smuts and doubts whether the concept of Satyagraha  will work. …

… Buddhism Please note: this information was added recently and is not complete. If you would like to contribute a lesson … fourth largest religion in the world, Christianity, Islam and Hinduism are larger.   Buddhism began in India in the … believe that there were countless Buddhas before him and that there will be many more after him. Siddhartha …

… constitutional democracy through the delivery of free and fair elections in which every voter is able to record his … is a permanent body created by the Constitution to promote and safeguard democracy in South Africa. Although publicly funded and accountable to parliament, the Commission is independent …

… by a former South African State Herald, Mr Fred Brownell, and was first used on 27 April 1994. The design and colours are a synopsis of principal elements of the … combinations have different meanings for different people and therefore no universal symbolism should be attached to …

… African Students (NUSAS) was founded aimed at representing and promoting the interests of university and college students. NUSAS was open to students of all … Natal, Witwatersrand, Rhodes, Bloemfontein, Potchefstroom and Cape Town. The Confederation International des Students …

… BATTISS, JUNOD, FRANZ and GROSSERT . 1958. The Art of Africa . Pietermaritzburg: Shuter and Shooter. BEINART, Julian . Undated. The Popular Art of … Research. Economic Revues for Bophuthatswana, 1975, and Lebowa, 1976. Pretoria: BENBO. BATTISS, JUNOD, FRANZ and …

… Councils (PACs) were conceived in 1961 to replace the NTO, and in 1963 then Minister of Education, Arts and Sciences Dr. Jan de Klerk announced the institution of … PACs. The primary function was to provide artists and artisans with secure career options and to develop and …