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… Trade Unions (COSATU), African National Congress (ANC) and the South African Communist Party (SACP ) formed an … COSATU has been involved in the liberation of the country and has fought for the interest of the marginalised working … transition to democracy, the relationship between COSATU and the ANC has been contested due to policy differences …

… The Great Trek and the advent of the Mfecane The origins of the battle are a … found in two concurrent historical processes of the 1820s and the 1830s. First, the Great Trek (Afrikaans for " great … or migration") in the 1820s which was the political and military upheaval with concomitant forced migration of …

… The Origins and formation: The South African Student Organisation (SASO) … the inability of NUSAS to tackle deep racist structures and policies of both the government and universities. One incident in particular, sparked the … Badat, S. 1999. Black Student Politics, Higher Education and Apartheid: From SASO to SANSCO, 1968-1990, Pretoria: …

… Transport on water Ships and boats are as old as the desire to travel over and across water, and to fish. Boats are smaller than ships. They can be …

… is made worse by the factual inaccuracies, distortions and blatant party political propaganda involved in the manner … the serious business of taking our country to democracy and developing firm foundations for curbing and eliminating violence. Reaffirmation about your commitment …

… that people of African descent have common interests and should be unified. Historically, Pan-Africanism has often … have a great deal in common, a fact that deserves notice and even celebration. Pan-Africanist ideas first began to … most important early Pan-Africanists were Martin Delany and Alexander Crummel, both African Americans, and Edward …

… (ANC)  in its campaign against Apartheid . James la Guma  and Reggie September  were two of the SACPO’s founding members, and served as President and Secretary respectively. Successive South African … Drew A. Discordant Comrades: Identities and Loyalties on the South African Left (2002)|Lewis G. …

… 1919 Formation of the Industrial and Commercial Workers Union of Africa (ICU). 1924 … (CNETU). Formation of the African Mine Workers Union. Food and Canning workers Union is formed. 1946 August, African … of Disputes) Act. Becky Lan, General Secretary of the Food and Canning workers union is banned for two years for …

… known on the 18th of March via circulars that were printed and distributed to the members of the organization. 18 March … on Black South Africans to leave their pass books at home and give themselves up at the nearest police station. This … box instructing them to leave their pass books at home and join the PAC in handing themselves over to the …

… freedom fighter, struggle icon, negotiator, statesman and politician on the public stage, both in South Africa and around the world. This article will explore the ways in which these roles have changed and been shaped by events occurring both throughout Mandela’s …

… T his feature celebrates Samora Machel and examines the mysterious circumstances surrounding his death and acknowledges the contribution that he made to Mozambique and her Independence. Machel was a revolutionary leader of …

… Stories and Interviews as oral histories Stories or ‘oral histories’ … from one generation to the next through storytelling and reciting epic poems. The poems and stories are known as the oral tradition of a group of …

… The population is largely ‘coloured’, ‘cape coloured’ and Malay. 1893 The first ‘locations’ are established under … exists namely the ‘Coolie Location’, the ‘Kaffir Location’ and the ‘Malay Location’ 1903 5 stands are transferred to … plague. 20 March, The mixed population is evacuated and the area burned to the ground. July, Most of the evacuees …

… of the most powerful states in the world during the 15th and 16th centuries. It lasted until the 20th century. The Ottoman Empire was a rich and powerful Muslim land. The empire was named after Osman, … Ottomans conquered the Christian city of Constantinople and renamed it Istanbul. They gradually built up a strong …

… mineworkers who took part in unprotected strike were shot and killed by the officers of the South African Police … This was the culmination of the preceding waves of unrest and violence. The Marikana Massacre was essentially a dispute about living conditions and the salary by the rock drill operators, they demanded a …

… mineworkers who took part in unprotected strike were shot and killed by the officers of the South African Police … This was the culmination of the preceding waves of unrest and violence. The Marikana Massacre was essentially a dispute about living conditions and the salary by the rock drill operators, they demanded a …

… coast, up to the Sabie River, which flows through Zimbabwe and Mozambique. Tsonga groups also live in the Lydenburg, Soutpansberg, and Waterberg districts of the Northern Province, where they are interspersed with the Pedi in the west and the Venda and Lobedu in the north. In Mozambique, they …

… because the conflict arose between the British colonizers and the Boers from the Transvaal Republic or … of all the British colonies, independent Boer republics and independent African groups in South Africa under British … especially as a war had just started between the Boers and the Pedi under their leader, Sekhukhune , in the North …

… to land-ownership in the country.  With his book The Past and Future of the Kaffir Races (1866), W. C. Holden was one … settlement in South Africa Holden argued Europeans and the Bantu tribes had entered South Africa at roughly the same time and that up until that point South Africa had mostly been an …

… South Africa. The Union is founded on racial segregation and disenfranchisement of black people except for a small … South Africa Acts disenfranchisement of Indians, Coloureds and Africans in the upcoming Union of South Africa.   1911 … which “made it an offence to break an employment contract” and the Mines and Works Act, which establishes “Colour Bar” …

… In June 1994, Arthur Chaskalson, senior counsel and the national director of the Legal Resources Centre, was … President Nelson Mandela, in consultation with the cabinet and the chief justice of the time, Judge Michael Corbett. … the president - again, in consultation with the cabinet and the chief justice - to appoint four judges from the ranks …

… The Mughal India 1526-1858 The Mughal Empire: government and society The Moghuls were a powerful Muslim family who came from lands that are today part of Afghanistan and Uzbekistan. The Moghuls conquered almost all of south … of a decisive battle: "Babur had new light field guns and muskets, and combined them with more traditional horsemen …

… vehemently fought apartheid from both within South Africa and outside in exile. Klug believed that South Africa was in … in the student press union, Solidarity News Service, Medu, and the ANC Constitution Committee, Klug inserted himself into the conflict of South African apartheid and aided in the transition of the post-apartheid nation. KEY …

… amongst themselves. By 1914 all of Africa, except Liberia and Ethiopia, was under colonial rule. Today, African … independent of their former European masters.   Background and focus Recommended reading:  Martin Meredith This topic … socialism. The focus is on the political, economic, social and cultural successes and challenges that countries faced in …

… missionaries to southern Africa during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries played a strangely ambiguous role in the history and affairs of the region. On the one hand they were driven by a strong desire to genuinely serve humanity and bring about material and social changes which would …

… of people with Mosima Sexwale are taken by two cars a Fiat and a Soviet-origin vehicle to Dar es Salaam Airport where … he has people he would like to be transported by Lukhele and the people are in Durban . February, Stanley Nkosi and Kgalema Montlante are transported with masks on in a car …

… Anglo Natalians. At last, after the discussion of years and the extinction of hopes innumerable, the planters' pet … the immigration of Coolies, as a piece of national policy, and so many difficulties have arisen during the negotiations … element. Mr Collins had been successful in his endeavours, and the Coolies would be shortly here. This has in some …

… the Public Safety Act No 3 of 1953. Gazankulu: Immorality and Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Amendment Act No 6: Commenced: 25 March 1991 QwaQwa: Immorality and Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Amendment Act No 6: … into Certain Alleged Murders Mandate: To inquire into and to report on certain alleged murders and other unlawful …

… its hold on power but also faced both internal and external challenges. Significantly, the National Party, … was renamed the New National Party (NNP), was disbanded and some of its members joined the ANC. NNP leader Marthinus van Schalkwyk became a member of the ANC and a cabinet minister. The ANC also faced internal strife as …

… This article was written by Skylar Jayes and forms part of the SAHO and Southern Methodist University partnership project … The Federation of South African Women founded in 1954 and was a federation of affiliated women’s organisations that …