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… considered as one of the seminal photographic exhibitions and books of the 1980’s. The exhibition and book was a product of the photographic project of , the Second Carnegie Inquiry into Poverty and Development in Southern Africa which was headed by …

… the sea passage to the East round Cape Point in 1488 and in the course of their visits, came into contact with the Khoi. Initially cultural differences caused conflict and the Portuguese conveyed a biased image of a ‘hostile’ … the ideal halfway station on the sea route to the East, and the Dutch East India Company (VOC) established a …

… the introduction of indentured Indian labourers into Natal and of the "passenger" Indians who came to trade, and secondly by the Gandhi resistance campaign and the formation of the Natal Indian Congress (NIC - 1894), …

… began in the Transvaal, marking the start of the longest and most widespread period of black resistance to white rule. The Lekoa and Evaton Town Councils' idea to raise tariffs for municipal services caused the demonstrations and stayaways in the Vaal Triangle. The Vaal Civic …

… used oral history to continue their beliefs, traditions and history. When a group was destroyed or scattered its oral … also did not really interpret or understand the stories and lessons and so a lot of information on the mfecane is unconfirmed in …

… on 25 May 1963, was the culmination of a number of diverse and far-reaching historical currents and political trends both on the African continent and abroad.  Of particular import to the ideological …

… Aisha Ahmed Aisha Ahmed was born and raised in Dallas, Texas. Currently a freshman at Southern Methodist University, She is majoring in history and biology on the Pre-Med Track. Her passion is to read and go on long, contemplative walks. Always wanting to travel …

… In September 1984, riots broke out in the Transvaal and spread to other parts of the country. These riots … ungovernable. A State of Emergency was declared in 1985, and this changed to a National Emergency in 1986, and more than 30 000 people were detained during this period. …

… with two individuals, both journalists, (Adrienne Sichel and Marilyn Jenkins) with a passionate interest in contemporary choreography and dance, launched the Vita Dance Umbrella in Johannesburg. … The focus of the Dance Umbrella was to offer a free and open platform to any form of dance as long as it was a …

… Front (UDF) in August 1983, this pre-eminence was sealed, and the Black Consciousness organisations began to wane. The … beginnings since 1973 reinforced the tempo of resistance, and in the Steelpoort area miners began to take part in political activities. The Metal and Allied Workers Union  (MAWU) was especially active, …

… by a generation of prose writers, novelists, playwrights and poets is recognized as providing the most poignant accounts of the township's and South Africa's history in the last sixty years. Many of them were linked to Drum Magazine and Golden City Post. Their biographies, short stories and …

… process. During the two days of discussion the mechanism and technicalities of transition and a changeover of political leadership were clarified. At … a vested interest, it was not deemed suitable to manage and monitor the transfer of power. Clear guidelines were put …

… famine. This resulted in conflict over cattle, grain and water between various indigenous tribes resulting in war and eventually contributing to the Mfecane 1812 … leads all his forces against Zwide of the Ndwandwe and is seized in an ambush and put to death, which results in …

… Hominid Sites of Sterkfontein, Swartkrans, Kromdraai, and Environs The Sterkfontein Valley landscape is in both western Gauteng and the North West Province and is also called the Cradle of Humankind because it … D. (2010, April 9 - 15). The next link in the chain. Mail and Guardian , 18 - 19|Govender, P. (2010, April 11). Baby …

… Xhosa lived on the banks of the Buffalo River in 1686 and settled at what is now Somerset East in 1702. In the … Xhosas clans on the fringes of the Tsitsikama forest and in 1778 drove them back from the Gamtoos River to the … Zulu King Tshaka , his conquest of large parts of Natal, and the consequent expansion of the Zulu kingdom lead to …

… The Netherlands became known as the Batavian Republic and the ruler of the Netherlands, Prince William of Orange, … taking possession of the Dutch colonies. Britain obliged and, as a result, occupied Cape colony in South Africa. … Under British rule, officials received set salaries and were no longer dependent on incomes from fines. This …

… [baPedi – People and sePedi – Language] The four major ethnic divisions among … Africans are the Nguni, Sotho-Tswana, Shangaan-Tsonga and Venda. Together the Nguni and Sotho account for the largest percentage of the total …

… homeland, independent of British rule. The determination and courage of these pioneers has become the single most … Nationalism. However, far from being the peaceful and God-fearing process which many would like to believe it … The Great Trek was a landmark in an era of expansionism and bloodshed, of land seizure and labour coercion. Taking …

… is no doubt that the behaviour of gangsters like Kortboy and Don Mattera in Sophiatown was despised by many as "anti … were a phenomenon of early British Industrial Revolution and the Capitalist system it spawned. And since Lodge's characterization of Sophiatown's gangs in …

… in Stockholm. It was at these talks that the position and future role of the UDF became clearer. These were the … to take place between the two groups on strategy and tactics. The ANC highlighted the way forward though two streams- 'people's war' and negotiation. It wanted the UDF to increase pressure …

… of Parliament, Cape Town, 24 May 1994 Madame Speaker and Deputy Speaker, President of the Senate and Deputy President, Deputy Presidents, Chief Justice, Distinguished members of the National Assembly and the Senate, Provincial Premiers, Commanders of the …

… a measure of warning to other coastal cities in the Cape, and a number of preventative and curative measures appear to have been implemented in … for the Public Works Department of the Cape of Good Hope, and give us some idea of just how seriously the Health …

… Nazi Germany became a fascist country under Hitler and the Nazi Party from 1933 to 1945. Here you can read about … Depression, more than any other factor, helped Hitler and the National-Sozialistische Deutsche Arbeiter Partei … Germans turned to the Party that offered them solutions and action, and they gained popular support. After the First …

… Medu ran units specialising in music, theatre, graphics and visual arts, photography; and "research and production" (writing). Over the eight years of its …

… Site. It was declared on 1 December 1999 by Unesco and is South Africa's third largest park. It stretches from … towns of St Lucia, Mtubatuba, Hluhluwe, Mkuze, Mbaswana and Manguzi are close to the park. Inside the park you can find the Lake St Lucia, the St Lucia and Maputaland Marine Reserves, the Coastal Forest Reserve …

… the Soweto riots first began. Kids were restless, tense and confused. 'There is no similar record of what the African … at one of the schools recounted: .. . pupils from Fezeka and I.D. Mkize [Secondary Schools in Guguletu Township] used … office at Hiargisi Primary School in Nyanga was burnt out and on the following day the riot squad was on standby at …

… In 1912 Enoch Mgjimia , a lay preacher and independent evangelist, broke away from the Wesleyan Methodist Church and joined the Church of God and Saints of Christ, a small church based in the United …

… signaled the beginning of the end of apartheid society and governance in South Africa. Following an upsurge of violent and non-violent resistance to the racially-exclusive system … White population of South Africa exclusively govern and control the social, economic and political mechanisms of …

… the Culture in Another South Africa (CASA) conference and festival in Amsterdam on 14 - 19 Dec 1987. The CASA … of the African National Congress’s Department of Arts and Culture and the outcome was to create a collective view and …

… short stories. [i] She was also described as a passionate and invested woman in all subjects of which she wrote. Many … historian as well. She befriended many influential artists and political activists throughout her life, including Langston Hughes, Paddy Kitchen and Randolph Vigne . Emery also suffered through the …