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… colonial authority and rulers introduced their authority to the landscape of traditional governance. In the … of the people, where a traditional leader was accountable to his people. The Black South African population was … the means of indirect rule. Indirect rule was established to administer Africans under the colonial administration …

… 1984, riots broke out in the Transvaal and spread to other parts of the country. These riots continued until … African National Congress (ANC) called on South Africans to make the country ungovernable. A State of Emergency was declared in 1985, and this changed to a National Emergency in 1986, and more than 30 000 people …

… when  Faku , the ruler of the Mpondo Kingdom from 1818 to 1867, allowed Wesleyan missionaries to establish a mission station within his kingdom. The … of the Wesleyan Society in South Africa, travelled to the Mpondo Kingdom to introduce King Faku to his new …

… in nearby Sebokeng Township. The armed men were affiliated to the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP ) and observers suspected … and the African National Congress (ANC). In response to the massacre the ANC withdrew from the negotiations, … South Africa, passing Boipatong by. Just when an end to popular violence appeared in sight, machete and …

… are! All over the world, in every country from Brazil to Australia, you will still find people living as hunter … without any cattle'. In South Africa we use the name ‘San’ to describe the indigenous people of Southern Africa who live or used to live by hunting and gathering. Did you know that the …

… an event of major political significance. In his message to the Congress of the People, Chief Albert Luthuli , the … meet as equals, irrespective of race, colour and creed, to formulate a Freedom Charter for all people in the … ANC leaders were confronted with the problem of how to sustain the enthusiasm of their vast new following. The …

… has puzzled scientists ever since the illness first came to light. For years it has been the subject of fierce debate … of gay men in New York and California suddenly began to develop rare opportunistic infections and cancers that seemed stubbornly resistant to any treatment in 1981. At this time, AIDS did not yet have …

… 1996 when communities on the Cape Flats, Cape Town decided to form an anti-crime organisation. The aim was to fight the drugs and violence plaguing their area. PAGAD … believes that the South African government poses a threat to Islamic values. It also aims to create better political …

… Hunter-gatherers is a term for people who survive, or used to survive, by hunting and gathering food. QUICK INFO GUIDE: … Have been around for 11 000 YEARS! 2. Name: San (referred to by the European colonists as Bushmen or Bosjeman) 3. … small pox caused thousands of San and Khoi people to die during the 18th and 19th centuries. San people either …

… its proposal of appointing a Coloured People's Council, to be "the only body recognized by the Government to express the views of the Coloured community." Mr Lawrence … matter. Why did they not call a representative conference to work out proposals to place Government? In spite of the …

… proposed in 1905 he played a leading part in explaining it to the Coloured people, laying stress on the discrimination … for white children, but no corresponding commitment to the education of Coloured children. The following address … on the other hand, opportunities which we had a few years back of reaching a higher standard are now denied to us. Two …

… in Durban and appoints S.R. Naidoo as the SAIC's nominee to the Young Committee. Albert Christopher, Manilal Gandhi … is voted out of office as president for being too close to the Communist Party, and is replaced by Pixley Seme . The … out of the south of Fietas (between 17th and 24th Streets) to Orlando and 'Coloured' people and Tamil people moved in. …

… rock artists painted people and animals. It is difficult to say why they painted these pictures. Some archaeologists think that the paintings were created to bring good fortune to a hunt as a kind of spiritual exercise. It could be that …

… Black university students had tried for many years to make progress through the multiracial and liberal National … organisation empathised with the Black cause, and tried to protect politically active Black students from government … at Natal University, was one of the students who began to analyse and criticise the unhealthy political situation in …

… Commander Jan van Riebeeck for the slave children brought to the Cape in the Dutch ship, the Amersfoort, which had … this school had many of the characteristics that have come to frame the South African experience. It was profoundly … As the slave children are enrolled, so they are forced to take new identities. Nothing of their past was given …

… a place where people were isolated, banished and exiled to for nearly 400 years. It was also used as a post office, a … indigenous residents on the mainland, most visiting ships to Table Bay preferred to land on Robben Island to replenish their supplies of fresh …

… who, upon their return from study in Europe in 1937 began to question and oppose the conservative values propounded by … the improvement of their working circumstances. They hoped to unite South African artists in order to raise standards, to help artists in financial …

… The Mfecane (a Zulu word which translates to “the crushing”) or Difiqane (a Sotho word which translates to “forced removal) was a series of Nguni and other Zulu wars … spread over a vast area, stretching from the Cape Colony to East and Central Africa. Some historians argue that it was …

… a number of female authors who were, and still are, able to assert themselves as writers, both on a national and … are scant. Having said that, the aim of this article is to provide the reader with a brief biographical outline of … and writings. Zukiswa Wanner, or Zuki as she is referred to by those closest to her, was born in Lusaka, Zambia to a …

… that the weight of the black vote is decreased from 3.1% to 1.4%. The first restrictions against the urbanisation of … introduced. The official government reasons for this are to decrease prostitution and illegal brewing in urban areas. … Congress (PAC) meeting. He urges the convocation to coordinate opposition to General Barry Hertzogs efforts to …

… that children have special rights which include the right to “special care and assistance”. The United Nations drew up … 191 countries have signed this document. Possible Question to ask: How are the rights of these children not being … out their needs and demands”. All children have the right to a name. All children have the right to a place to live. …

… transport for agricultural products that were transported to metropolitan areas of South Africa. Before this, the town was a point through which people and goods travelled to the Mozambican coast, as part of the Boers’ geopolitical … project of independence, which would ensureaccess to the coast without having to rely on the British dominated …

… The organisation grew into an avenue for liberal women to oppose government policies by means of marches, convoys, demonstrations and vigils. It came to be called the Black Sash because the women wore black sashes over one shoulder as they stood to demonstrate against discriminatory legislation. It was …

… He immediately re-organised the Voortrekkers and started to prepare a retaliatory attack on the Zulu. On Sunday, 9th December, Pretorius and his followers made a vow to God that in the case of victory; they would build a church to honour God and they would tell there children to observe a …

… Adderley Street: PICTURES   Pictures are a great source to use to learn about history. Did you know that a picture says a 1000 words; what a lot of clues to the past that is! Pictures can show us how the past used …

… In 1948, the same year the Apartheid Government  came to power, the people of the world came together at the first United Nations General Assembly to enshrine a document against injustice, discrimination and … World War the countries of the world banded together to form the United Nations. One of the first tasks this …

… Progressive Forum a Trotskyite group which was affiliated to the NEUM. 1944  Raised £1 000 for the famine relief in … act which restricted their economic and residential rights to specific areas in the country. The Indian community … and established the Students Passive Resistance Committee to canvass and raise funds for the Passive Resistance …

… societies hunt, fish and gather wild plants to survive. They also move around from place to place, following a nomadic way of life. The invention of … The San invented their own type of bow and arrow in order to hunt effectively. They useda handbow and arrows with …

… an international influenza pandemic broke out, that led to the deaths of 50 million people worldwide. The pandemic … while not the direct cause of its outbreak, contributed to its rapid spread worldwide. Soldiers, malnourished and battle weary were particularly vulnerable to infection. As they were constantly being moved between …

… 1951. Led by I. B. Tabata , SOYA was closely linked to the Non European Unity Movement (NEUM). Addressing the first conference , Tabata emphasised the critical need to create an organisation that could become a think tank of … movement. Thus, SOYA was formed as an intellectual vehicle to mobilise students at universities and high schools, as …