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… town persisted after Union in 1910, and there was little to attract other Whites to the area. The population, according to the 1916 edition of The Guide to South and East Africa , …

… of the turning points in Southern African History. It led to the movement of powerful Cuban armed force, into the west, … The fighting in the south western part of Angola led to the withdrawal of the South African, ANC and Cuban presence in Angola, and to the Independence of Namibia. The battle of Cuito Cuanavale …

… 1977, the apartheid government stiffened its resolve to end the nationwide student unrest that broke out in Soweto … and the impact of the backlash on the capacity of students to mobilise and sustain resistance after October 1977. On 1 … announced that all Soweto secondary and high schools were to become state schools. A week later, on 12 September, Steve …

… amazing leaders who have been influenced and contributed to the people, history and country as it is today. Some of … and did not serve in the public interest and who failed to follow the guidelines discussed in What makes a good leader? It is important to know who at least some of these leaders were and how they …

… of the time, Judge Michael Corbett. Then began the process to select the Court's other 10 members. The appointment … in consultation with the cabinet and the chief justice - to appoint four judges from the ranks of the Supreme Court. … . The president - again after consultation - was then to choose the remaining six judges from a shortlist of 10, …

… and the rise of the Songhai Empire West Africa is home to many of Africa's oldest kingdoms. These kingdoms played an … and economic growth of the region. As old kingdoms came to be replaced by new smaller ones many changes were … the people of West Africa could already smelt iron ore to make tools for warfare and agriculture. Iron farming tools …

… rust nor worms can spoil this metal. It has the power to excite the minds of men.'   Kings and traders sought after … therefore is important for many reasons and people will go to great trouble and expense to find it. There are four points to remember about gold …

… and the Basotho kingdom (a case study) Moshoeshoe moves to Thaba Bosiu The 1820s and 1830s were a time of great … were many wars about land which caused thousands of people to flee to other parts of the country. For example, the Tlokoa were …

… old Afrikaner Republics and harsh new immigrant measures to  restrict the entry of Asiatic , both former residents and … this Notice, Indians are informed that the government is to establish separate bazaars in every town, where Indians … and trade; and no new licences will be granted except to carry on business in bazaars set up for this purpose.  …

… a protest against pass laws for 1960. The PAC decided to jump ahead of the ANC planned march, and organised a … fire on the crowd without warning or order. They continued to shoot while people ran away. On this day 69 people were … killed and 180 were injured. There was immediate reaction to the Sharpeville Massacre from across the world as people …

… Thirdly, the unravelling of the leaders’ relations proved to have dire consequences for the Xhosa nation but was not … , who ruled over all of the amaXhosa. Gcaleka was the heir to the throne. Rharhabe was the Right House son of Phalo. … by lineage. The King’s first son would be the next to take his father’s place. When the sons of the royal …

… Slavery was introduced to the Cape Colony by the VOC in its desire to boost the agriculture and food supply while retaining … the expansion of agriculture. Cape Town expansion also led to the increase in the number of slaves. Slaves lived and …

… In the late 1970s four young men publicly refused to obey their army call-ups by the South African Defence Force (SADF) and were sentenced to up to 18 months in jail. By 1983, 13 objectors had been jailed.  … A. (2009). 'HELL NO! we didn't go Saying no to apartheid's army' from The Times [Online] 24 Oct.  …

… by forcing the majority of Black South Africans to live in reserves and making it illegal for them to work as sharecroppers. The Land Act prohibited Africans, … reserves. The government wanted African farm labourers as to work for cash wages as quickly as possible, rather than …

… Legion (SL) was a leading organisation formed in 1941 to fight for the rights of soldiers during World War II and … against apartheid through the Congress Movement. According to Neil Roos, “Springbok was used to fondly describe the roughly 200 000 white South African …

… and progressive initiatives, this essay is going to argue that little has substantially changed for the position of women. To gain a greater understanding of the change in the position … in politics, customary law, violence and poverty and seek to demonstrate that there is an extensive divergence between …

…   – The Slave Trade The content below has been modified to align with the 2011/2012 curriculum changes Conquest, … He built a fort and left behind Spanish soldiers to hunt for gold on Hispaniola, while he returned to Spain. (These men were later murdered by the inhabitants …

… closing of this frontier: they paved the way for the Boers to establish their control over what came to be called the Orange Free State. The Orange Free State … lost the use of most of their fertile land. It is similar to what happened, during the course of the 19th century, to …

… come about only through the return of all Afro-Americans to their ancestral homes in Africa The majority of the … and the African National Congress (ANC) - were influenced to varying degrees by the teachings of Marcus Garvey, a West Indian who had moved to the United States during the First World War. Preaching …

… the draft, caused delays in moving supplies from the rear to the front lines. In September of 1916, General Louis Botha … South African Native Labour Contingent provide 10 000 men to work behind the front lines in France. The Mendi was built in Glasgow and in 1905 registered to the British & African Steam Navigation Co Ltd. She is …

… all these centuries... They asked if they would be allowed to do such a thing supposing they went to Holland, and they added: 'It would be of little … (Morris, M. (2004). Every Step of the Way: The Journey to Freedom in South Africa, Cape Town: HSRC Press, pp 43-44, …

… and being ignored during 1910 and 1911, delegates to the South African Native Convention (SANC) decided to call a meeting in Bloemfontein on 8 January 1912 to consider the formation of a dynamic and unified movement …

… in the struggle against foreign domination, and helped to popularise the concept of Pan-African unity. Background … region today known as Tanzania was transferred from German to British control. Britain renamed the country as … In the 1950s, a popular independence movement emerged to challenge the colonial regime. Julius Nyerere, a …

… in the struggle against foreign domination, and helped to popularise the concept of Pan-African unity. Background … region today known as Tanzania was transferred from German to British control. Britain renamed the country as … In the 1950s, a popular independence movement emerged to challenge the colonial regime. Julius Nyerere, a …

… It challenges constructivist research and its tendency to be satisfied with simply identifying ethnicity as a social … interpretation is correct, such readings often continue to approach ethnicity as a viable, albeit socially manufactured cause of violence. To this end, it builds on the structuralist origins of …

… of university and college students. NUSAS was open to students of all races. At the organisation first inaugural … (C.I.E.) which was founded in 1919 in Strasbourg, France to represent the interest students internationally inspired … This in turn influenced students in Commonwealth countries to follow suit and South Africa was no exception. Leo …

… time there had always been a question in peoples' minds as to why the government had allowed the Congress of the People in 1955, to take place. In 1956, their question was answered when 156 … those arrested were driven or flown in a military aircraft to Johannesburg, where they were imprisoned in the Fort …

… National Party (NP) and Labour Party (LP) formed a pact to win the general elections held in the Union of South … since Louis Botha's death in 1919. The Pact Government had to work on establishing a new South African identity marking … reserves that suffered the most. African women struggled to feed their families and often the only option was to go …

… his death and acknowledges the contribution that he made to Mozambique and her Independence. Machel was a … South Africa, Mozambique and Soviet Union, was instituted to establish the cause of the crash. Many possible reasons, ranging from the mechanical fault to bad weather conditions, were put forward as the cause of …

… policies that subjected Black people young and old to indignity and inferior status. From the early twentieth … of the problems faced by Black people and were organised to lead protests against segregation and degrading of their … status. These early protests were sparse and not connected to other school protests taking place in the country. Before …