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… Degree of Terror: John Graham and the Cape's Eastern Frontier , is published by Ravan Press. A Proper Degree of Terror: John Graham and the Cape's Eastern Frontier (1986) Chris Ledochowski exhibits a solo show, Hand …

… necessary here to go into the multiplicity of inter-tribal wars that had been going on in the north from the territory … westwards, as well as south, occasioned by the Tshaka wars and the fact that the maNdabele, led by Mzilikazi, were … duty of "punishing any attempt to violate the peace of the frontier of the Colony by any people living within his …

… towards formalising education in the Cape. 1779 Major wars of dispossession begin against the indigenous people … 1877 The Council of Education is established. A number of wars of dispossession fought on the eastern frontier of the Cape Colony end. More mission stations and …

… childhood years. 8 Founded as a British outpost during the Frontier wars, Fort Beaufort in the 1860s had grown into a “British … to exercise their new-found authority. The period of civil wars that ensued in Zululand proved disastrous for the …

… programme on AIDS, noted that 'Eastern Europe is the new frontier for the AIDS epidemic'. 1991 The South African … that could topple foreign governments, spark ethnic wars and undo decades of work building free-market …

… include that of the Pondo Revolt, the sites of the Frontier Wars, the 1913 revolt by African women in the Free State, the …

… houses are of a style much superior to that used by the frontier Kaffirs, and are all enclosed by substantial stone … and many who had been for years harassed by tribal wars took refuge there. Soon Mr Shepstone found it necessary …

… include that of the Pondo Revolt, the sites of the Frontier Wars, the 1913 revolt by African women in the Free State, the …

… tribal life was accordingly effected by taxation and wars and the subsequent need for European coinage and goods. … tribal communalism called for more bloody measures. Wars and taxation had to accomplish the dissolution of tribal … in addition to the detribalised Bantu on the eastern frontier, came to be the exploited class within the framework …

… of the racial attitudes of Afrikaners to the Cape frontier in the eighteenth century, and to their primitive … to the present day: 'It was the conviction of the frontier that the foundations of society were race and the … we established a Government of our own, prosecuted wars that came upon us unexpectedly and made peace, took …

… was a marked resemblance between the economic life of the frontier Boers as part of the settler population, and the … economy was being radically reshaped between the two wars with the black industrial labour force growing rapidly. …

… had finally been crushed after 250 years of intermittent wars of reaction to colonial invasion, dispossession and occupation. The years between the two world wars, and particularly the implications of the 1917 Balfour … both imperialism and colonialism, within a single national frontier, which determines the special nature of the South …

… will take further steps to encourage the opening of trans-frontier parks with our neighbours while continuing to focus … but become victors. By what we do, we will ensure that wars, disease and underdevelopment are no longer seen as …

… a representative of the Standard Bank were lined up on the frontier." Then he ran up the Queen's flag at Pretoria and … upon the chief the necessity to "cease from all aggressive wars" and to open his kingdom to the missionaries. It was to …

… between the Kru sub-groups culminating into “widespread wars” from 1910. [xci] The alarming spread of the Kru coast … responded to this with the formation of the Liberian Frontier Force, which became the oppressive arm of the …

… against non-white peoples, as demonstrated by the colonial wars which followed the end of the world war. Many members … January 1948, Passive Resistance was extended to another frontier, defiance of the Immigration Regulations Act of 1913 …

… Sun Media, 2015). ↵ [46] Robert Ross, “The !Kora wars on the Orange River, 1830–1880” Journal of African … ↵ [49] Martin Legassick, The Politics of a South African Frontier: The Griqua, the Sotho-Tswana, and the Missionaries, …

… he says, fraudulently taken from it during the Basotho wars. 13 February, ‘Kowie’ Marais announces that it has not … join unions. However, the exclusion of migrant workers and frontier commuters remained in force until it was lifted in …