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… throughout the country as part of the lead up to the Defiance Campaign. The ANC and TIC issued a flyer entitled ‘April 6: …

… and moderation, following the moderate successes of the Defiance Campaign of 1952 and the Western Areas Campaign. Some sources site that the reason for these …

… Pan Africanist Congress of Azania (PACA). June, 1952 The Defiance Campaign begins. This was a nonviolent resistance action, … activities. This begins the UK based fund raising campaign that would become very successful. 1952 Following …

… of the settlers to move to other parts of the country in defiance. Passes in the Free State Large numbers of Black and … National Congress Women’s League, also led an anti-Pass campaign during this period. J. B. M. Hertzog became Prime … of South Africa (CPSA) joined forces in a Pass burning campaign in 1930. The Great Depression, which lasted from …

… were spectacularly successful in 1957, but in 1958 the campaign drew limited response, and the ANC, which initially … July, the MDM, Cosatu and the UDF, called for a National Defiance Campaign, and the response was overwhelming … ‘unbanned’, initiating a period of open and mass defiance of apartheid laws. In mid-September, mass marches …

… for apartheid security agencies. Immediate targets in this campaign were police constables and local government … with political dissent. After the mass based resistance campaign of the 1950s, beginning with the Defiance Campaign in 1952 and culminating in the Sharpeville …

… of residential passes, organising a passive resistance campaign that left many women jailed. African miners strike … withdraws the NICs support of the passive resistance campaign. In reaction, Gandhi and his supporters withdraw … in 1920. 21 October, Transvaal women satyagrahis begin defiance activities, hawking without licenses in Vereeniging. …

… People’s Movement (LPM) organised a ‘No Land, No Vote’ campaign to coincide with the 2004 South African General Elections . [1] The campaign aimed to highlight how democracy fails for the poor … baseMjondolo organised a ‘No Land, No House, No Vote’ campaign against the 2006 municipal election in Durban. The …

… 16 Days of Activism is an international awareness-raising campaign for No Violence Against Women and Children. It takes … includes Universal Children’s Day and World AIDS Day. The campaign began in 1998 in South Africa as one of the … towards creating a society free of violence. The campaign continues to raise  awareness amongst South Africans …

… issues. In 1994, the ‘Basic Condition of Employment Act’ campaign was initiated.  The campaign focused on improving working conditions of what … labour and other working conditions. The ‘Constitution’ campaign was also aimed at influencing the amendment to the …

… embarked on a drive to increase national membership. The campaign covered a wide range of industries such as iron, … liberation movements. In 1952 CNETU participated in the Defiance Campaign spearheaded by the ANC and South African Indian …

… World giving his support to the newly formed anti-pass campaign. Xuma agrees to act as trustee of the anti-pass campaign. April:  Moses Kotane  and Xuma begin speaking at … in an interview for Advance, Xuma states that the defiance movement is the only way Africans can air their …

… Examples of these include the first passive resistance campaign initiated by the Indian community in the Transvaal, … led by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi , in 1906. This campaign was over, amongst other things, the carrying of … actions, the ANC planned to launch a nationwide anti-pass campaign on 31 March 1960 the anniversary of the 1919 …

… the astoundingly high rate of suicide was pointed out. A campaign to end the system was launched and editor Henry … time in jail. This tradition began during the satyagraha campaign between 1906 and 1913 which began because of … it became a vehicle for challenging state laws and urging defiance of these when these were clearly unjust. It is this …

… Marks, a leader of the ANC, attributed the failure of the campaign against the removals to this divide in the African … in the Western Areas (Ibid). The ANC launched a “Defiance Campaign” against six of the apartheid laws in June of 1952.1 …

… 1950s and 1960s. Dorothy Zihlangu identifies a successful campaign by women against apartheid in the market at Salt …

… tactics from patient litigation to assertive action. His campaign of civil disobedience, aimed at publicizing the … individuals, must be relentlessly opposed in the spirit of defiance shown by St. Peter when he said to the rulers of his … go to action ": Statement on the launching in Natal of the defiance campaign,August 30, 1952 Tributes You there, Lutuli, …

… who went to the gallows singing the "Red Flag", hurling defiance at the executioners and striking fear into the …

… Tax' unleashed one of the most brutal and bloody armed campaign to suppression the challenge to British colonial … colonial forces, using the Nkandla Forest as a base. The campaign, later known as the Bambatha Rebellion, culminated …

… of the Transvaal to mobilise support for the resistance campaign. Within a fortnight they travel to 15 different … pitch five tents on a piece of vacant Municipal land in defiance of the Ghetto Act. Resisters occupy Resistance Plot … volunteers cross the border into Natal without permits in defiance of the law that requires Indians to carry a permit …

… had already been planned by members of the WPSA in their campaign against a government plan to set up a Coloured … of the NEUM: the fact that at the same time there was a 'defiance campaign', organised by the ANC, which members of … because their students could respond to their words of defiance. Had they been able to go beyond talk they might …

… an office in Johannesburg. He wasted no time in mounting a campaign to oppose the new law. Gandhi contacted Leung Quinn, … it marked the beginning of the eight-year-long Satyagraha Campaign and the Birth of the Satyagraha movement. Smuts did … community. The certificates were burnt and the Satyagraha Campaign started again. The newspapers gave vivid …

… Qoboza , editor of Sunday Post in Johannesburg, launches a campaign for the release of Nelson Mandela , and receives … People’s Power’ and proposes a campaign of militant mass defiance. 16 February, Representatives of leading … the near future. The conference also resolved to begin a Defiance Campaign, beginning on 20 July and running until the …

… inciting boycotts, strikes and civil disobedience in defiance against the Apartheid laws being instituted by the … together a document outlining the core principles of the defiance movement and the rights that were due to all the …

… organization and movement such as the Right to Know Campaign, Treatment Action Campaign, rights group Section 27, Citizen for Marikana Campaign, Operation Khanyisa, Abahlali baseMjondolo, No Land! …

… in the Transvaal’s main towns and cities. The Satyagraha campaign to resist registration begins. It is non-violent, … of Rami, daughter of Harilal and Gulab Gandhi. July, The campaign is at a stalemate. Most Indians had registered, but … because her sons are risking their lives in the Satyagraha campaign by going to prison.  November, M.K. Gandhi returns …

… Council were set up. Alexander Bus Boycotts The first campaign in the 1940s took place in Alexandra Township. There … envisaged fare hike. The 1946 Indian Passive Resistance Campaign Dr GM Naicker, President of the Natal Indian … the Indian community launched a Passive Resistance campaign from 1946 to 1948. The campaign was in reaction to …

… an anthem at political meetings. It was sung as an act of defiance during the apartheid years. The first stanza is …

… same time, Black workers began to organise trade unions in defiance of anti-strike laws. In 1973, there were strikes …

… by and large been achieved, but elements of resistance and defiance continued to emerge. Biko’s death threatened to …