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… and resistance. [xi] Bessie Emery married Harold Head in 1961, then settled in District Six, until Harold started a … or the PAC, [xiii] in the 1950s, and the Liberal Party in 1961. [xiv] Regrettably,  Bessie Head died 1986, due to an … "The Bessie Head–Langston Hughes Correspondence, 1960–1961." Research in African Literatures 41, no. 3 (2010): …

… the United States' strategic nuclear arsenal. In October 1961, The Soviet Union detonates a nuclear device, estimated … of Luna 2, the first space probe to hit the moon. In April 1961, the Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first … the British, French and American zones of the city. During 1961, in an effort to stem the tide of refugees attempting to …

… Both organisations were driven underground. By mid-1961 Congress leaders had come to the realisation that … their FSAW structures were no longer in place. In early 1961 it was decided that regional organisers should try to … rural women during the Natal Women's Revolt. By September 1961 the FSAW had made enough ground to hold a reasonably …

… When Indian Opinion was reaching its dying days in 1961, the Guardian now published as New Age had a circulation … When Indian Opinion published its last issue on 4 August 1961, Alpha Ngcobo had served for 41 years after coming to …

… such as Todd Matshikiza 's Chocolates for my Wife (1961), Ezekiel Mphahlele 's Down Second Avenue (1959) and …

… Grenada (1983) Supported an unsuccessful invasion of Cuba (1961) Undertook a long (1964-75) and unsuccessful effort to … (1945 - 53) Dwight Eisenhower (1953 - 61) John F. Kennedy (1961 - 63) Lyndon B. Johnson (1963 - 69) Richard Nixon (1969 … North Carolina, where black patrons are not served. 1961: Freedom Rides begin from Washington, D.C. into Southern …

… he saw in South Africa, Nortje fled the country in 1961 to the U.K. and to Canada. When he realized he could … in South Africa too harsh, Nortje entered into exile in 1961 and fled to the United Kingdom. While in exile and in … from talking about it with many of his colleagues. [v] In 1961, Nortje received a scholarship to attend the University …

… that had been translated into Afrikaans by Imam Baker in 1961. Run by Mrs Zainab (Patty) Davidson nee Amlay, and her …

… realized in South Africa's interim Constitution. In the 1961 election, only Helen Suzman kept her seat in Parliament …

… defendants and in uMkhonto weSizwe when it was formed in 1961. Though never banned, its leaders and membership were …

… best attempt at nation-wide, non-racial opposition since 1961. In the middle of the year, after the Million Signatures …

… on a charge of High Treason.The trial continues until 1961. 1958 August, The start of the Treason Trial proper, … banned under the newly created Unlawful Organizations Act. 1961 Death of Alice Sisulu, Walter's mother. 29 March, Sisulu … which blacks are instigated to strike on 29, 30 and 31 May 1961. A case in compliance with Section 2 (A) of the Act …

… (South African Institute of Race Relations, 1960: 146). 1961 Group Areas Amendment Act, No. 23 of 1961 provided that at least a year must be given for the … area (South African Institute for Race Relations, 1961: 167). Appeal Judge Holmes J. A., when delivering the …

… whether South Africa would become a Republic. On 31 May 1961 South Africa was declared a Republic and the government … and individual fundamental rights. On 25 March 1961 the All-in Conference met and called for the negotiation … be called by the Union government not later than 31 May 1961; that the convention shall have sovereign powers to …

… examination at St John's High School in Umtata. 1960 - 1961 Thabo Mbeki completes his British "A" level examinations in England. 1961 Thabo Mbeki meets Nelson Mandela in Mayfair, …

… nail was delivered by Proclamation no 104 of 20 October 1961, which declared Lady Selbourne a White area. Resistance Although removals started in November 1961, the residents tried several strategies, including … Nations for assistance. They drew up a petition in April 1961 with 5000 signatures arguing that Lady Selbourne should …

… ‘Spear of the Nation’, which was launched on 16 December 1961. As its manifesto declares, MK was formed ‘to be a … a five-year sentence for his role in the campaigns of 1961 intended to disrupt Republic Day celebrations. During …

… African politics. The adoption of Republican status in 1961 merely made formal what had already become a …

… the 1960 Lawrence Adler Galleries competition and the 1961 Festival Gallery’s Art in Africa Today. Other national …

… 1959 Tshabalala-Msimang matriculates from Inanda Seminary. 1961 Tshabalala-Msimang receives her Bachelor of Arts degree …

… such a nation is to achieve unity in diversity.” On 16 May 1961, the government finally accepted that Indians were a …

… daughters. One of the accused in the Treason Trial of 1955-1961; aquitted; banned for 5 yrs. since 1963; set under house … Act No. 44 of 1950Sec. 9 (1) 195628 April 1967 March 1961 1/10/1967 Johannesburg Former Transvaal president of ANC … area in eastern Transvaal; banished to the Transkei in 1961 for resisting official policies and Bantustan land …

… Republic of South Africa Constitution Act, Act No 32 of 1961. Riotous Assemblies Act, Act No 17 of 1956 In terms of … Act No 74 of 1982. Urban Blacks Council Act No 79 of 1961 The first provision for Black ‘self-government' in the urban townships. Assent gained: 30 June 1961; commencement date not found. Repealed by s 14 of the …

… best attempt at a nationwide, non-racial opposition since 1961. July, the UDF turns its attention to the tricameral … the UDF. This stayaway is the largest labour protest since 1961. December, UDF leaders charged with treason in Durban …

… South African Indian Council (SAIC) In 1961, Indians were officially recognised as a permanent part …

… February, Abu Baker Asvat is born in Vrededorp, Gauteng. 1961 Asvat graduates from Johannesburg Indian High School and …

… only reserved for whites and the 'Freedom Riders' in 1961 on segregated public transport. These actions led to … of the award of the Nobel Peace Prize, Oslo , December 10, 1961 Message to the Annual Conference of the African National …

… we Sizwe (“Spear of the Nation,” or MK) in December 1961, with Nelson Mandela as its Commander in Chief. The …