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… developed. The aim of the Black Consciousness Movement was to address the psychological impact of apartheid, and to unite all non-white South Africans under a Black identity, … in Biko's death, and stated that it was due to a hunger strike. However, the autopsy revealed that his death had been …

… worked all his life in Johannesburg, having been admitted to the Bar in 1924. He was involved in the Springbok Legion a … he was not in the army. Since soldiers were not supposed to make public political propaganda, they used to do it though this body. Berrangé got involved in this, and …

… you very much for affording me the opportunity once more to continue our dialogue with the National Council of … government's theme of this year, of lending a hand to push back the frontiers of poverty, members of the NCOP have … a nation-wide, intergovernmental, concrete and time-bound set of initiatives that will build essential …

… if one was absent from work. If an employee is deemed to have absconded, the mines would have the employee arrested. Workers were not allowed to leave the hostel. Malebane-Metsing was a clerk in the finance department, and was promoted to the main office to work as a secretary of the mine. …

… He was the youngest child on the four children born to Arthur Collins, a master builder and his wife, Hannah Priscilla Edwards. He went to Cranbrook School in Kent and then went on to study at Sidney Sussex College at Cambridge University. He … or IDAF’; chapter 3 of volume 3, part 1, of The Road to Democracy in South Africa; published by the South African …

… He received an Anglican scholarship which enabled him to enrol for his secondary school in Modeerport. The racial … store and later for a medical doctor named Dr van Aswegen to raise money to enable him to further his studies at university. In … Billy Modise ANC””Student and Chief Representative to Sweden High Commissioner of South Africa to Canada , from …

… union broke away from the SATLC because they were opposed to its socialist ideologies. The largely racially mixed unions were also concerned by government attempts to dissolve multi-racial unions. Though TUCSA wanted to … The purpose was to attract large White trade unions back to the Council and to ease government pressure to expel …

… History Internship The ‘People’s Doctor’ ‘He struggled to liberate society from oppression. He gave his life so that … beliefs and action touched many communities and helped to restore the dignity of destitute people’  (Prayer for Dr. … shop which his grandfather established after immigrating to the Transvaal from Gujarat. Though born to a family of …

… with the Department of Community Development in an attempt to keep residence. 1980 - 1983 Between 1980 and 1983 … Civic Organisation (PEBCO) decide to implement a city-wide strike and demonstrations against the planned removal of … Africa warns Mozambique it will not hesitate to strike back if Mozambique continues to shelter guerrillas conducting …

… , Limpopo). At the age of 19, he left for Johannesburg to study African Literature at the University of the … cheaper inner city area of Hillbrow, which was also close to the university. At the time, the inner city flats were a place for immigrants and mixed raced couples trying to evade the police. Hillbrow would later be the setting for …

… Krugersdorp, in 1935. Here his grandfather ran a shop next to Dr. Yusuf Dadoo’s father’s store. After he was married, Saloojee’s father moved with him and his family to Roodepoort. At first he worked as a jewellery salesman, and had to rent rooms in his boss’ house. This is because it was …

… ↵ An acute labour shortage forced White settlers in Natal to plead to the Indian Government to send its citizens to … amenities were available’. The Committee failed, as it was bound to, because of the conflicting agendas of the two … 13 June 1946 as Hartal Day (cessation of work or a strike) to mark the beginning of passive resistance against …

… Free State (now Free State Province). Her family relocated to Yeoville, Johannesburg, Transvaal Province (now Gauteng), … Walt could have easily chosen a comfortable life afforded to middle-class White South African women, settling for a … apartheid. However, her courage and conviction forced her to move away from this comfort to fight against the …

… labour movement and one of the first in the White-left to appreciate the significance of the Black Consciousness … who had settled in South Africa. Paddy had earlier been to South Africa when he fought in the Second Anglo-Boer War . … at the University of Cape Town (UCT), but he switched to Philosophy in his second year. He joined the National …

… the University of the Orange Free State in Bloemfontein to study law. It was here that his political career began. … Association). At the age of twenty he delivered an address to Prime Minister Malan on his visit to the campus. Malan was impressed and Botha was offered a …

… His father was a labourer, while his mother stayed at home to care for the family.April’s father was a very politically … conscious person. He was a supporter of Communism and used to attend political rallies at the Grand Parade, Cape Town in … of Umkhonto we Sizwe(MK),a long-serving prisoner. Due to the financial situation of the family, all of his siblings …

… The events which led to mass detentions in April 1960 were the following: A state … by the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) on 21 March 1960, led to bloodshed and chaos. At Sharpeville sixty-nine Blacks were … and other leaders arrested during the demonstration. A strike was called by the PAC, which ultimately involved 95% …

… a housewife. After passing Standard 6 in 1942, he moved to Johannesburg. However, he continued to go to school in the Orange Free State at the Bantu High School …

… of clashes historically known as, Frontier Wars date back to 1779 when Xhosa people, Boers, Khoikhoi, San and the … for nearly a hundred years. This was largely due to colonial expansion which in turn dispossessed Xhosa and …

… History is not kind to Nongqawuse. What we know of her is mainly related to the Cattle-Killing/Millenarian Movement of 1856-7 and her … amongst the Xhosa people. There is little evidence to discern who she actually was and why she in particular …

… in the Orange Free State (now Free State ). Unable to find employment in Ladybrand, Ramakaba migrated to Cape Town, in the early 1920s, where he found employment … Rebelling against the attempts of her stepfather to obtain bride wealth from her prospective suitors, Mildred …

… on 28 June 1930, Vereeniging, Transvaal (now Gauteng ) to Ebrahim Ismail Asvat and Fatima Asvat. She was the ninth … moved from Vereeniging, (southern) Transvaal (now Gauteng) to Newclare, Johannesburg , Transvaal where her mother owned … of colour and race. It was only when the family moved to Fordsburg, Johannesburg and she was forced to attend an …

… but was expelled in 1971 for a minor misdemeanor. He tried to pursue his science studies through the University of South … found this difficult through correspondence and switched to a BA degree. During this time he began working as a … cemented his political views. In 1973, Nyanda tried to link with the ANC and travelled to Botswana to attend the …

… the king's absence, complained about Zibhebhu's endeavours to increase his wealth and status and pleaded for Cetshwayo's return to Zululand. Civil war continued after Cetshwayo returned … Cetshwayo, who fled into the Nkandla forest, and then to Eshowe. On 8 February 1884, Cetshwayo died suddenly, …

… Africa where he was also raised. His parents emigrated to South Africa from Gujarat. Chiba abandoned secondary school to help provide for his family. The 1956 Treason Trial sparked his interest in politics, which led him to join the Transvaal Indian Congress (TIC). In 1959, he …

… shelter and food. His generosity inspired two of his sons to build a rest house for wayfarers in his memory after his … Arabic, Urdu and Gujarati. At the age of 14 he decided to undertake a journey to South Africa and arrived in Cape Town in 1876 after a …

… into MK later the same year. Thereafter, he was ordered to leave the country to undergo military training. He left in the company of … and Zambia into Tanzania. Mkhize and his group were sent to Egypt where he underwent a six months military course and … SADET, (2001), Louis ‘Problem’ Mkhize from The Road to Democracy Project , [online] Available at www.sadet.co.za …

… His original name was Barnett Issacs but changed it to Barney Barnatto when he was acting as a comedian. He followed his brother Harry to Cape Town in 1873 to seek fortune in the diamond rush that followed the 1866 …

… Defiance Campaign . He finished primary school and went to work as a shop assistant. In 1936 his older brother, Maulvi, arranged for him to travel to Mecca, where he began the study of Islamic philosophy. He …

… but before she could find personal success, she was forced to return home due to the looming war . She briefly worked as a secretary in the … and hard-working attitude saw her being quickly promoted to Captain, serving as personal assistant (PA) to several …