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… to the Western Front. 18 February Germany begins a U-Boat campaign, attacking merchant and passenger shipping around … gain access to Russia through the Black Sea. The Gallipoli Campaign ends in failure as the Turks succeed in defending …

… Mathe who worked as a nurse. 1952 Sobukwe backs the Defiance Campaign and is fired from the school in Standerton for taking part in the Defiance Campaign but is later reinstated. 1954 After moving …

… set up a Council of Action to start a Passive Resistance Campaign and also calls for cooperation with other non-white … The meeting agrees to embark on a passive resistance campaign. A Passive Resistance Council of 25 persons is elected to manage the campaign with Dadoo as chairperson. Dadoo and the members of …

… tell us if any of the information is factually incorrect. 07:00 Not all the children who were to participate in the … were not organised and an atmosphere of panic and defiance existed. However, others argue that the students … Peoples Union (ZAPU) joint operation (i.e. the Wankie Campaign ). These developments were followed by the …

… Transvaal Indian Congress launches the passive resistance campaign against trading and land restrictions imposed … pitch five tents on a piece of vacant municipal land in defiance of the "Ghetto Act". The resisters include four … cross over the border from Natal into the Transvaal in defiance of the 1913 Immigrants Regulation Act.  Dadoo and …

… while others were detained and tried. By the late 50s the Defiance Campaign launched by the ANC and its Congress Alliance … Langa Flats bus terminus around 17h00. This was in direct defiance with the country-wide ban on public meetings and …

… James Mpanza's establishment of Shantytown in 1944 in defiance of the regulations against squatting. The Alexandra … in 1947 to protest against the housing shortage, a campaign in which Julia Mpanze was prominent. The … that women participated in discussions about the campaign against passes for men (in the 1940s women did not …

… laws by February 1952. Failure to do so would result in a Defiance Campaign which would begin on 6 April – the date set aside … 50 000 people in Freedom Square Fordsburg 26 June,  Defiance Campaign launched. Groups of protesters in all major …

…  [ Accessed 25 February 2015] Women and the anti-pass campaign The Defiance Campaign is launched and women step forward The Federation of …

… main parties’ campaigns and policy manifestos The election campaign has been characterised by a number of commentators … of its very small support base. It got 12,823 votes (0.07%), less than the 20,421 votes it received in 2014. The … Shameen Thakur-Rajbansi, got just 11,961 votes (0.07%. Twelve parties got between 10,000 and 27,000 votes, …

… STRENGTH OF THE GOVERNMENT. In our decision to launch a campaign against these measures and to work for seizure of … No stone must be left unturned in the massive propaganda campaign. All these must be linked up with the central issue, … The type of volunteers we have in mind are those of the defiance campaign, perhaps even of a higher quality but …

… conference to discuss the Bill and to plan a resistance campaign. At the conference over 200 delegates unanimously … the NIC and the TIC said that, in order to conduct the campaign effectively, they had decided to set up a … pitched five tents on a priece of vacant municipal land in defiance of the "Ghetto Act". The resisters included four …

… with the African National Congress (ANC)  in its campaign against Apartheid . James la Guma  and Reggie … strength of anti-British sentiment among Afrikaners, and a campaign promise of Apartheid. The NP, motivated by its … sought to collaborate closely with the ANC. It mounted a campaign against the bill in 1951. The CPNU and NEUM did not …

… non-violent resistance was ever seen in South Africa, the Defiance Campaign , which was the first campaign pursued jointly by … of Communism Act  for their leadership role in the Defiance Campaign. All 20 accused were sentenced to nine …

… actions, the ANC planned to launch a nationwide anti-pass campaign on 31 March - the anniversary of the 1919 anti-pass … terminus around 17h00 on 21 March 1960. This was in direct defiance of the government's country-wide ban on public … disperse within 3 minutes. When protesters reconvened in defiance, the police charged at them with batons, tear gas …

… of the settlers to move to other parts of the country in defiance. Passes in the Free State Large numbers of Black and … National Congress Women’s League, also led an anti-Pass campaign during this period. J. B. M. Hertzog became Prime … of South Africa (CPSA) joined forces in a Pass burning campaign in 1930. The Great Depression, which lasted from …

… Introduction of the Suppression of Communism Act. 1952 Defiance Campaign Against Unjust Laws. Bettie Du Toit is banned for … is estimated at 20 000. After an intensive organising campaign amongst Port Elizabeth dockworkers by Alven Bennie …

… batch and was imprisoned for one month. By the end of the campaign 2,000 had defied segregation and suffered … Committee with the ANC to plan a new resistance campaign. 1952 - Dr Naicker led the first resistance group in Natal in the Defiance of Unjust Laws campaign. He occupied a White waiting …

… for its fighters. Their efforts culminated in the Wankie Campaign of 1967. This operation and subsequent ones … was essential. Change to armed struggle - The Wankie Campaign (1967-1968) The Wankie Campaign: The ANC’s First Armed Military Operation, …

… against gender-based violence. The idea behind the campaign is that all union affiliates empower communities and … workers. This would in earnest launch COSATU's campaign against outsourcing and labour brokering. The … groups support the farm workers strike, and announce a campaign of embarking on mass action in support of the demand …

… Congress (TIC) initiates and implements the 'Decade of Defiance'. 1950 Florence Matomela leads an anti-pass … (SAIC) and the Franchise Action Council to discuss a joint campaign of civil disobedience and general strikes against … executives are invited to chart way forward for the Defiance Campaign . However APO rejects the ANC invitation …

… Cape Town. 1982  AZASO-COSAS begin the Education Charter campaign to collect the demands of the oppressed in the … AZASO’s second congress proposes the Education Charter Campaign.   1983 July, AZASO Congress passes a resolution on … committees within all branches. That an intensive national campaign be launched later in the year to popularize the …

… in Cape Town. 1982 AZASO-COSAS begin the Education Charter campaign to collect the demands of the oppressed in the … AZASO’s second congress proposes the Education Charter Campaign.   1983 July AZASO Congress passes a resolution on … committees within all branches. That an intensive national campaign be launched later in the year to popularize the …

… Native National Congress (SANNC) organises an anti-pass campaign. In Johannesburg alone, 700 arrests are made 1920 … held in the country's main centres as a warm up for the Defiance Campaign proper. May 31, Encouraged by the success … and Franchise Action Council (FRAC) decides that the Defiance Campaign shall commence on 26 June. 30 August, 'We …

… its formation in 1959, the PAC embarked on an anti pass campaign through peaceful protest. In preparation for the campaign an AFT was formed as a para-military structure of … provided protection for its leadership. After the antipass campaign which culminated in the Sharpeville and Langa …

… to follow the route of the ANC's Programme of Action and Defiance Campaign (committed to open defiance of the laws of the land). The reasons cited by many …

… made by the National Party. A person who took part in the Defiance Campaign explained the time as, ‘ The period culminated in the Defiance Campaign, the largest scale non-violent resistance …

… by each respective Congress. A ‘million signature’ campaign was conceived to popularise the Charter and 10 000 …

… before being acquitted in 1986. Paul led the Natal Rates Campaign and played a pivotal role in the formation of the Release Mandela Campaign. He represented the NIC at the Congress for a …

… to as the ‘decade of the women’. The Women’s Anti-Pass Campaign and the Women’s Charter that was drawn up in the …