"Apartheid - the Indictment": Paper Presented to the International Conference for Sactions agains South Africa by O. R. Tambo, April 1964
… of life, and invariably placing the African, with his black skin, at the rock bottom of the human scale, the white … was that "slave" came to mean "African slave" and the black skin became the universal badge of slavery and … degradation, and dehumanisation of man by man continued as black African slaves were beaten, tortured, hanged, exposed …