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… The Durban Moment - Revisiting Politics, Labour, Youth and Resistance in the 1970s …

… and conflict on the frontiers of the Cape Colony in the early 19th century …

… papers pertaining to Towards a people’s culture, Art and Resistance under apartheid …

… Documentation Centre, Oral History Project, “Voices of Resistance”, 16 July 2002. Available at … Documentation Centre, Oral History Project, “Voices of Resistance”, 16 July 2002 …

… Nationalism in South Africa. History of slavery and early colonisation in South Africa The Empty Land Myth The … Africa in the 1900s (1900-1917) Colonial conquest and resistance, Pre 1900 First Anglo Boer War A history of Apartheid in South Africa Land: dispossession, resistance and restitution A history of Volkskas and the Absa …

… decolonisation swept across the African continent, in the early 1960s African liberation movements in countries that … a renewed effort to write and document the history of the resistance against apartheid and colonialism. While major … as a central strategy of the liberation movements from the early 1960s until the early 1990s and carrying significant …

… 1961 and 1963. As part of a nationwide clampdown on the resistance movement, the highlight of which was the raid on … measures they introduced. As was to become apparent in the early 1970s, this assault on political formations by the … were made to infiltrate cadres into South Africa in the early 1970s in the early phase of armed propaganda as a …

… mid-60s the activities of the TIC had declined and by the early 1970s it was virtually non-existent. The organization … organization. The TBIA was involved in the Gandhi passive resistance campaigns of 1908 and 1913. The organization was … mid-60s the activities of the TIC had declined and by the early 1970s it was virtually non-existent. At this time, some …

… basis. 1964 Currie's gets floodlights. Late 1970s-1980s-early 1990s Up until the late 1970s the predominant use for … of Currie's became more and more dominated by protest and resistance this use carried into the 1980's and into the early 1990's. 1973 Frelimo Rally 1990s By the 90's when all …

… and stands out not only because it was such an early outbreak of women's resistance, but also because of what Julia Wells calls its … the Bloemfontein anti-pass campaign was the formation of early women's political movements. Women had proved their …

… Indians who came to trade, and secondly by the Gandhi resistance campaign and the formation of the Natal Indian … Congress of Democrats (SACOD) in 1953 was completed early in 1956. The SAIC had members among the Treason Trial … and membership were broken by state repression in the early 1960s. …

… been occupying the Cape peninsular for hundreds of years. Early European records describe these pastoralists, with … of their land, was largely complete in this region. Resistance is Ruthlessly Crushed The expansion of the Cape … eastward, increasingly with the amaXhosa. Forms of resistance differed - from raids on settler livestock to …

… and transport infrastructure in late 19th and early 20th Centuries. After the South African War of … the immigration of thousands of Chinese to undercut any resistance by African mineworkers. Black, Coloured and Indian … at Reverend Doke's home in Braamfontein, South Africa (early 1900's). © Museum Africa. Passive resistance campiagns …

… the election near the end of his time in exile. Hallett’s resistance documentary work focuses on the stories of those … His desire to become a photographer grew out of this early inspiration, and also the movie nights his school would … colour. During this period in his young adult life, in the early 1960s, Hallett became, in his words, “a man of the …

… a these had been relaxed after the success of earlier resistance to passes. In the light of these events, the Bantu … as a branch of the ANC. It became involved in passive resistance and fought against passes for black women. During … the country. The National Women's Coalition was launched early in 1991, and started working on the Women's Charter …

… Authorities Act were fought in the Transkei , where the resistance of the peasants culminated in the Pondo revolt which broke into the open early in 1960. At first the government pretended that nothing … of the Pondos ever having taken up arms against even the early British forces who first occupied Pondoland. On one …

… start of the longest and most widespread period of black resistance to white rule. The Lekoa and Evaton Town Councils' … in the call, the Transvaal UDF did endorse the call in early November. The strike was very effective, with numbers … luxuries and not holding parties from 16-26 December. In early 1985 the UDF was still very aware of the problems it …

… realised the importance of the 'people's power' in pushing resistance forward. Organisation at local level soon began in … local development and directing the overall struggle. In early March, the State of Emergency was lifted, allowing for … and took a week to issue a public statement. In early 1986, the UDF again restructured in order to deal …

… control.  Overcoming Apartheid - the nature of internal resistance to Apartheid before 1960 Internal resistance … see: http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/popular-struggles-early-years-apartheid-1948-1960 Review - ‘Apartheid’ becomes … see: http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/popular-struggles-early-years-apartheid-1948-1960 Review - ‘Apartheid’ becomes …

… images of a struggling South Africa were so highly valued. Resistance Photographer, Omar Badsha described those working … won a Pulitzer Prize for his work in South Africa in the early 1990’s, wrote, "In South Africa the violence of the … Badsha commented, "We all have the same enemies." [20] The early 1980’s not only saw an exciting increase in documentary …

… In the early 1960s the Apartheid government moved swiftly to … removed and the land expropriated. At the end of 1966 and early in 1967 residents of Molote were forcibly removed from … to Ledig just outside Rustenburg. There was lacklustre resistance to this measure, even though families were in …

… The Eastern Cape is regarded by many as the cradle of Black resistance against White oppression. After the defeat of the … Together, these factors precipitated the establishment of early African political organisations in the late 1870s and … 1912. Thus, the area is synonymous with the emergence of early Black political consciousness. In addition, it also …

… regime intended. Reforms provided renewed impetus for the resistance movements, and the 1980s was a decade which became … and Indian voter turnout was extremely low, but in early 1985 the inauguration of the new Parliament went ahead … recovered. As one historian summed up the decade: "The resistance of the mid-1980s destroyed utterly the 'total …

… of apartheid. He became Native Affairs Minister in the early 1950s and Prime Minister in 1958. Non White Persons … Act, 1951 Reservation of Separate Amenities Act, 1953 Resistance before 1959 *South Africa and the United Nations … and public facilities designated for one race only. In early 1953, the Government imposed stiff penalties for …

… The Beginnings of Protest, 1860- 1923 Introductory Survey Early years of Indian Settlement Gandhi in South Africa … The Moderates Eclipsed Events Leading up to Passive Resistance (BACK TO TOP) CHAPTER V: Conclusion Introduction …

… the community not individuals. This is highlighted by the early tensions over land occupied by the Dutch around the … (groups of Khoikhoi who were at the forefront of the resistance) around April and May 1660. After the war, … San communities living as hunter gatherers also joined the resistance against Dutch expansion. For instance, in the …

… Pass laws in South Africa were met with fierce resistance during the 20th century. But earlier forms of … its moderation, expressed in the Freedom Charter in 1955. Early in 1960 both the ANC and PAC embarked on a feverish … Town Council's role in the events of 21 March 1960. In the early 1950s, Vereeniging's only Black Township, Top Location, …

… candidates at the tail end of apartheid, as opposed to early in the twentieth century. The main parties in the … “puppet” local government structures were met with fierce resistance marked by low voter turn outs as an expression of … Councils the Act merely helped intensify the communities’ resistance to apartheid. In fact, it is the responses of …

… of this school in presenting the themes of domination and resistance, is vital for understanding South African … takes us, however, into a different direction. While this early school was extremely oppressive, we have, in this first … notably, comes the first formal writing in Afrikaans. Early British Domination The establishment of a proper system …

… victims of June 1976 opened another significant chapter in resistance politics in the country. For this reason, the … in Botswana began to launch its own operations from early 1978. By the end of that year, Central Operations units … stepped up the recruitment of White soldiers. By the early 1980s, it was clear that the ANC’s strategy was to …