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… Eastern Pondoland of all places rise in the way it did and on the scale it did? The Pondos have been well known in South … the early British forces who first occupied Pondoland. On one occasion in 1895, when it seemed that a clash was … the Pondos to pay taxes and a British punitive force was on the point of marching to Pondoland, the situation was …

… History Online Mandela: Message to India 18 June 1994 [ On the occasion of an India-South Africa Solidarity Meet to … of racial oppression and tyranny. We rejoiced with you on that splendid occasion when the British standard was lowered on August 15, 1947, from the ramparts of the Red Fort in …

… elected president. Early Life Mandela was born on 18 July 1918 in a small village, Mvezu, in the Eastern … could live freely and equally.  Mandela later went on to study law at the University of the Witswatersrand where … Mahatma Ghandi’s example but this did not work and later on they used more violent tactics. The apartheid government …

… certificate had to be carried at all times and be produced on demand to any policeman who asked to see them. An Indian … South Africa were brought as indentured labourers to work on the Transvaal gold mines. Within a few days, on 11 September, thousands of Indians and Chinese attended …

… Picture of the Year Contest. 1960 Double page coverage on Sharpeville Funeral in Time  Magazine. 1963 Worked as a … days. Magubane was made to stand for 5 days and 5 nights on three bricks of which the middle one was unstable. He was given only black bitter coffee to drink and collapsed on the fifth day. 1970 Placed under Banning Orders for 5 …

… On 13 February 1871, the Red Riding Hood sailed from Durban … ex-indentured workers for India, arriving in Madras on 10 April with 382 passengers on board. Within three days of arrival, ten of the returnees …

… cessation of hostilities; the second was that of Dutch men on their way to commando duty; and the third involved Black … in the subsequent composition of the work force on the mines. With these exceptions, however, and the … confusion surrounding the British take over of the town on 31 May 1900 saw comparatively little arson and looting. …

… 1980 Publishes Waiting For The Barbarians, which focuses on a government magistrate who begins to question the motives … Master of Petersburg 1996 Publishes Giving Offense: Essays on Censorship 1997 Publishes a slim autobiography, Boyhood: … The Lives of Animals 1999 Publishes Disgrace, which is set on a remote South African farm, and unpacks conflict on …

… South African Society of Artists celebrated its centenary on 26 September 2002 and on 9 December we mark the centenary of its first exhibition … support of our sponsors. To all of them, we wish to place on record our deep appreciation. Diana Segal President, South …

… the children and women as cheap labour sources to work on farms. The Khoi lost grazing land and their independence … Many of the Khoi went to work as herders or servants on Dutch farms. The Khoi herders and servants were treated … the British unsuccessfully attempted to settle the San on mission stations where the San would have control over …

… 1980 25 January, Three MK cadres, on their way to carry out a sabotage mission, take refuge in … Thousands of high school and university students went on a prolonged boycott of schools, beginning at Hanover Park. … ANC insurgents launch a rifle, rocket and grenade attack on Booysens Police Station, Johannesburg. Pamphlets are …

… ideal of a republic South Africa only became a Republic on the 31st May 1961 , but the formation of a Republic had … in 1948. In the 1830s when some Afrikaners left the Cape on the Great Trek, their ideal was to create an Afrikaner … disenfranchising Black voters throughout South Africa on the basis of ever more stringent pre-conditions being …

… or any other Asiatic or Coloured person from carrying on business or farming in the Orange Free State." All Indian … Act 17 of 1895, of the colony of Natal imposes a £3 tax on ex-indentured Indians, who fail to re-indenture or return … states that persons of colour were prohibited from walking on the side-walks (pavements) or stoeps serving as a …

… grappling and experimenting with Africanism and did this on our own, without reference to the PAC. We did not seek any … by a demoralised body of teachers. The state cracked down on any form of political activity, and after 1955 teachers … signs of protest. Prefects were nominated to keep an eye on the student population, acting as informers for the …

… South Africans went to the polls on 8 May 2019 in a general election considered the most … issues were reflected in the various parties’ positions on nationalisation and privatisation of land and State-Owned … Bank to be more “flexible”, and instead of focusing only on inflation targeting, address other issues. “Without …

… crippled the armed struggle. In addition, the ANC worked on establishing itself in exile, working closely with … march led by the PAC at Sharpeville, the police open fire on the unarmed and peaceful crowd, killing 69 and wounding … his pass. Oliver Tambo  leaves South Africa illegally on the instruction of the ANC to carry out the organisation’s …

… accepted as a date that signifies the birth of Rustenburg. On that day an important meeting of the War Council took … The first school in the Rustenburg area was established on the farm of Paul Kruger in 1852. The first teacher was … its doors in 1866 with T.C. Dekker as first teacher. On 22 February 1866 the Volksraad ratified the principle of …

… and teacher and works with social justice organisations on African history, popular education, and collaborative … I Live Where I Like, a graphic novel history series on women’s organized resistance to slum clearance in … that it sought to represent and mobilize. It is based on twelve months of multi-sited fieldwork among …

… dreams and aspirations support rural people in reflecting on their lives, struggles and demands build solidarity and … limitations in land reform policies and show their impact on the lives of millions of South Africans The Exhibition … South Africa. For more information, contact Mark Weinberg on [email protected] …

… Charter too moderate, and felt that they should focus more on black needs. In November 1985, at the Transvaal provincial … in general. The date for the campaign was finalised on 18 March, and set for 21 March 1960. The weekend was spent spreading pamphlets about the campaign and calling on people to leave their passes at home and offer themselves …

… to Barbara Hubbard 1964 Begins studying for a doctorate on Jean-Paul Sartre at the University of Paris under … student, by Moslem rites 1971 Research programme on working conditions in industrial plants 1971 Workers’ … Bulletin 1971-72 Involvement with SPRO-CAS  (Stidy Project on Christianity in an Apartheid Society) begins 1972 …

… requesting slaves for the settlement from the Heren XVII. On 28 March 1658, the Dutch merchantman, the Amersfoort , … societies.   Slavery in the early Cape Colony however took on a completely unique form in comparison to existing slave … those in the West Indies and Caribbean. Studies done on colonial era slave societies across the globe show how …

… which was to grow in subsequent years. When he passed away on December 23, 1969, shortly after the centenary of … only once a day, wore only a shirt and loincloth, slept on the floor and walked barefoot several miles to the … Smuts. The contact with Gandhiji had a great influence on Nanabhai`s life. He followed the simplity of Gandhiji, and …

… years the Johannesburg Art Gallery has focused attention on black artists who were sidelined, staging large … bush said to have pierced Mnyele's skin during the raid on the Medu Art Ensemble (a Botswana-based cultural-political … is a hero and suggests that this status has been conferred on him because of his commitment to the struggle and not …

… the President’s policy position, as well as his stance on HIV/AIDS. The Mbeki led government became the centre of … Thabo Mbeki resigned as the president of South Africa on September 2008.    Jacob Zuma was appointed the president … locate itself within the historical positions of the ANC on economic policy. COSATU maintained that the points of …

… Mine Workers Union (AMWU), over 60 000 workers went on strike at the Witwatersrand Gold Mines on Monday 12 August 1946 . The call on 13 August by the Transvaal Council of Non European Trade …

… Patrick Makau, and his child (9) ANC/MK Bomb attack on 2 houses. 1981 1 August Harare, Zimbabwe Joe Cqabi ANC … representative in Zimbabwe Car bomb (several attempts on his life before).   October Vlakplaas Peter Dlamini Vuyani … Z.P. Mbali ANC Found decapitated after disappearance on 27June 1982.   August Lesotho Unnamed person   car bomb …

… maintaining that political power. This lesson also focuses on Mapungubwe as the first state in Southern Africa in 1220- … world in the same time period. Focus : The main focus is on Mapungubwe, its internal structure and its trade within … near where the Shase River flows into the Limpopo River, on a farm called Greefswald, in the Central Limpopo River …

… of South African Women (FEDSAW or FSAW) was launched on 17 April 1954 in Johannesburg as the first attempt to … to the progress of the women, and therefore, a brake on the whole of society". The blame for "this intolerable … , adopted by the Congress of the People in Kliptown on June 25-26, 1955. A major task of the Federation in …

… PRINCIPLES ON RESTITUTION, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, COMMUNAL TENURE, … & FARM TENURE ADOPTED AT THE POLICY SUMMIT HELD ON 1-2 JUNE 2000 RESTITUTION PRINCIPLES ADDRESSING … compensation should be paid to current land owners based on relevant constitutional clauses. COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION …