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… into two categories - those relating to receipt of money from the urban discretionary fund and from funds relating to staff loans that he received, both from the Foundation. In the first case, Gumbi found that …

… Africa’s Maritime History The Suez Canal allows for ships from Europe to travel to the East with ease. Before the canal … They paved the way for thousands of seafaring vessels from many countries. Due to natural and human reasons … been lost along our coast. These wrecks included vessels from about 38 different countries and they provide invaluable …

… intensive and, as a result, attracted more labour away from the countryside to Johannesburg. It was also … of gold brought to the Rand not only gold seekers. From its early beginnings, some people realised the potential … for example Kimberly, black people were forbidden from owning land to prospect for gold. Prospective rights …

… The development of the Egyptian civilization is traced from the beginning of the settlement at the Nile river … that country, and the Nile different in the way it behaves from rivers elsewhere, but the manners and customs of the … River Valley, had the opportunity to develop differently from Europe and the East. Long periods of isolated growth …

… which necessitated the exclusion of the black masses from the educational and vocational opportunities required by … regard will serve to pay proper tribute to the martyrs of 1976 and confirm our commitment to achieve the goals for … of the assassination of Joe Gqabi and the martyrs of 1976. We must use the example they set to inspire all our …

… shows that the full gamut of South African History - from pre-colonial through to post-Apartheid - has been … of a National History Commission bringing in the expertise from education, history, archaeology, heritage studies, … ensure that "we do not end up a country freed not only from apartheid but also from history". The full report was …

… Later that year, 250 random blood samples were taken from homosexual men living in Johannesburg, of which a … 12.8% were infected with the virus. The first deaths from AIDS in South Africa occurred in 1985. The apartheid … for individuals suffering, or suspected of suffering from AIDS. The quarantine could be extended indefinitely if a …

… You took up the challenge boldly and creatively. From that winter of 1967, under your guidance and unwavering leadership, the ANC rebuilt its strength. From the crippling reverses our movement had sustained in the … fighters. In an escalating offensive which began in 1976, inside our country, the armed actions conducted by our …

… to sweep the fort, and one slave at the surgeons. It is from this account that most historical works make the claim … the Cape with VOC officials returning to the Netherlands from Batavia, although some where stowaways, some prisoners, and some gifts from across the seas. According to VOC rules, Company …

… arose between the British colonizers and the Boers from the Transvaal Republic or Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek (ZAR). The Boers had some help from their neighbours in the Orange Free State. There were … under Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli, who was premier from 1868 to 1880. At the time the British government wanted …

… Other campaigns included the Western Areas Campaign from 1953 to 1957 and intended to undermine efforts to forcibly remove the community from Sophiatown to Soweto. The Bantu Education Campaign was a … intended to undermine African Women’s source of livelihood from proceeds of beer brewing and reactions to stricter …

… changes to colonial rule in an effort to increase revenues from the colonies. These changes included taking land from African people and giving it to the growing number of … that had settled in the colonies. More land was taken from African people and given to Europeans for settlement. In …

… who were probably Sotho-speakers, were at Phalaborwa from the eighth century and at Melville Koppies in the Johannesburg area from the eleventh century. Oral tradition has it that the … the Fokeng were originally Nguni in culture and dispersed from Ntsuanatsatsi near Frankfort in the present Free State. …

… small town, a hub for the transport of agricultural goods from the surrounding areas to the larger cities inland. … positions and paid a 'civilised' wage excluding labour from other races. But residential segregation has a history … were separate, with non-White areas close to but removed from White areas. The Orange Free State and Transvaal …

… (which most of the world adheres to today) it took place from 8-12 March 1917. The Julian calendar, which the Russian … the latter calendar, which dates the February Revolution from 23 to 27 February 1917. [1] Russia before the Revolution … to embark on widespread strike action. Despite warnings from the leaderships of various revolutionary parties of the …

… to which so many have such an emotional connection, come from? The exact origins of the word ‘Africa’ are contentious, … for the origins of the term 'Africa' is that it is derived from the Roman name for a tribe living in the northern … the region, nor is there direct evidence that it is from the name ‘Afri’ that the Romans derived the term …

… The places we come from are a part of our heritage. Where we grew up and where we live are important because we learn from the people who live there with us, and the place itself. … in honour of his father. The city of Pretoria is 60 km from Johannesburg, 478 km from Bloemfontein and 1 500 km from …

… of the Communist Party of South Africa, which lasted from Saturday evening, December 29th to Wednesday night, … with a 'social' entertained by talent of a high order from Vereeniging, Potchefstroom and Johannesburg branches, … in next morning by a procession with band and banners from the Party Headquarters to the Inchape Hall where a great …

… tools with materials available to him. Brushes were made from bird feathers stuck into thin reeds, or from animal hair. We know this because in some paintings the … this type have been found with red ochre paint and marks from quill pens on it. It is possible that ancient rock …

… seals and tortoises. Its name "robben" is derived from the Dutch, meaning a seal. It also had a plentiful supply of fresh water available from a number of springs. Batolomeu Dias, the Portuguese … a major point for the exchange of mail, where letters from an outgoing ship would be left underneath an inscribed …

… border between South Africa, Zimbabwe and Botswana, 75 km from Messina. It sits close to the point where the Limpopo … The civilization thrived as a sophisticated trading center from around 1200 to 1300 AD, trading gold and ivory with … University established an Archaeological Committee, which from 1933 to 1947 oversaw research and excavations (read more …

… northeast the Dutch farmers met with serious resistance from the Khoikhoi and San, discontinued their bid for more … British annexation of the Cape continued intermittently from 1795 to 1854, whilst from 1818 to 1819 the British were involved in a second …

… that country, and the Nile different in the way it behaves from rivers elsewhere, but the manners and customs of the … River Valley, had the opportunity to develop differently from Europe and the East. Long periods of isolated growth … civilization, that we cannot separate the history of Egypt from its geography and other natural aspects. The Nile was …

… and as editor of its monthly paper, The White Ribbon, from 1911 until 1920. Brown was active in the National …

… Africa (CPSA) in the 1920s. She was a Jewish immigrant from the Baltic who came to South Africa on the eve of the …

… The Dutch settlers began to move further and further away from Cape Town, eastwards and northwards, in search of land … In 1806, the British (Great Britain) seized the Cape from the Dutch (Holland). The French (France) had just won a … important stopping point on the profitable trade route from Europe to the East - the British wanted to make sure …

… he was defended by William Philip Schreiner, a top lawyer from the Cape Colony, Dinizulu was convicted of treason and … the political exclusion of Africans, Coloured and Indians from the new Union constitution, forced the new urban … political formation the South African Native Congress, from which to challenge white rule. Bambatha became a source …

… seeks to demonstrate the lie that black is an aberration from the normal which is white. It is a manifestation of a new realization that by seeking to run away from themselves and to emulate the white man, blacks are … religion and their outlook to life" (Steve Biko) EXCERPS FROM STEVE BIKOS ADDRESS AT A BLACK THEOLOGY SEMINAR IN …

… affected by the ban on ‘communism’. But in addition, from the 1920s, the impact of the ideas disseminated by the … its own newspapers, which enjoyed considerable readership from among working people and other left-leaning groups in … resistance. Yet, writing from prison in Robben Island in 1976, Walter Sisulu presciently argued that “We shall only …

… west of the imaginary line that splits the world in two from top to bottom, the Greenwich meridian. There is no sure … answer to the question of where the name 'America' comes from. The accepted story is that the New World was named after Amerigo Vespucci, an explorer who came from Florence, Italy, and lived at the time of Christopher …