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… assess the nature of South Africa's economic achievements.2 This in turn has helped to give rise to an imbalance in our … harsh and disruptive as those in early industrial Britain'3 In the wake of these mineral discoveries, the majority of … was taken into custody by the badly-shaken constables. On 3 April, 1900, he again appeared before the Special Court — …

… million. In the five calendar years to the end of 1998, 2,3 million electricity grid-connections had been made. In … new connections had been made, bringing the total to 3,48 million. 444 000 hectares had been redistributed in the …

… and history, had his ancestral home outside Zululand. 2 Gumede was born on 9 October 1867 in Healdtown Village, … of the Zulu nation which historians call the Mfecane. 3 Josiah would come to know more of the Mfecane since his … June 1884, the Boers claimed their promised reward, nearly 3 million acres of the best cattle country in the healthy …

… culture, including the 'international language of dissent. 2 With the recent emphasis on 'cultural framing' in social movement theory, 3 South Africa is an interesting case study of the impact of … were radicalised by campaigns against the bill, with up to 3,000 taking part in demonstrations and marches in Cape Town. …

… state on the unwilling inhabitants for force of arms; (2) it is obvious to this House that it is a further object of … states, inter alia South West Africa and South Africa; (3) this House takes note of the steps already taken to halt … in my colleague, the hon. the Minister of Defence, 3 and in his handling of this matter. I was with him all the …

… an objective fact which must be taken into account. 2 Discussions about the nature and content of political … to conscientise, mobilise and then organise the oppressed. 3 In these debates it was recognised that consciousness, … those of north and south Indian descent (see table 1.2). 12 The darker-skinned south Indians sometimes felt …

… even more important than the content of the syllabuses.”2 He was right. The statements and debates in parliament that … responsible for the provision of African education.3 Once removed as a function of the provinces and made the … did not exist.22 Only about 40% of approximately 2.1 million African children between the ages of six and …

… African Institute of Race Relations (SAIRR) early in 1954,2 requesting the institute not to proceed with its proposal … in December 1953, at its annual conference in Queenstown.3 At the conference, Professor Z.K. Matthews proposed the … the police and the scene at the venue. There were nearly 3 000 delegates and almost as many observers. In addition the …

… and wrecked the lives of many liberal minded Americans.2 In the United Kingdom a less draconian bill than the US … to collaborate, to refrain from voting in an election ”¦”,3 but the fight for full and equal rights had still to be … the whipping of African offenders by citing Solomon Ch 26. 3. “A whip for the horse, a bridle for the ass and a rod for …

… prospects for liberation appeared more remote than ever.’ 2 The same perspective is found in a work published late in 2007. 3 This chapter contests this characterisation. Using evidence …

… own efforts; as a result of their reliance on themselves.’ 2 Tambo was making a virtue out of a necessity. The external … these issues, it became a formative influence upon them. 3 It stimulated the founding of new popular organisations … role, called a stayaway from work and school on September 3, while a thousand miles away in Cape Town the government …

… 70 541 211 822 Indian 100 815 601 1,516 Total 489 1,656 2,064 4,207 % Distribution 11.6 39.3 49.1 100 (Sources: SAIRR, 1962:252; Malherbe, 1977:311; … constituted 12.4% of the total student body; at Natal 21.3%, and at Witwatersrand 5.8% (SAIRR, 1962:252). The figure …

… and within the broader society that were noted in Chapter 2 meant there was much that aroused student anger, resentment … membership would reach 7000 by the end of 1972 (SASO 1972: 3). In 1973 membership was reported as over 6000, with locals … the activities of affiliates within a region (See Appendix 3; SASO, 1973a: 12-13). The GSCs appear to have been lively …

… and the standard books by Roux, Cope and Hamson 2 are as useful as ever, fresh research and insight are … political and ideological backgrounds of its members, 3 but this is a fact which concerns the historian of this … OCCUPATION PERCENTAGE General Dealers and Merchants 17.3 Tailors, cutters, drapers, milliners, etc. 15,5 Outfitters …

… all disappeared, leaving no movement in the country. [2] After a resurgent trade union movement was built, bringing … groups like the Gezerd,2 cultural and literary groups, [3] or from new arrivals from Eastern Europe. They had a … those who were said to he critical of the Moscow line. ↵ [3]. Cf B Hirson, ‘Ruth Schechter: Friend to Olive Schreiner’, …

… draws on the approach spearheaded by Richard Dyer (1979, 3), who proposed that celebrities operate as “signs”, … Drum magazine) and allegedly committed suicide in prison.2 Written by novelist and lawyer Harry Bloom and directed by … licence than if its content was more overtly “radical”.3 This deliberate softening of the production’s politics in …

… a situation of deep unemployment, as the country lost 2 million jobs. The pandemic negatively affected livelihoods … million paper-based civic records. There are now more than 3 million users registered on SAYouth.mobi, a zero-rated … to support women entrepreneurs. We have trained more than 3,400 women-owned enterprises to prepare them to take up …

… we walked again to the central station where we took the 3.30 pm train and we got off at the Duffs Road station. My … a bath. After lunch the temple was closed for siesta. At 3.00 pm it would be opened again and tea and savouries were … and also Hindi at the same time. To Manilal and Sushila, 2 January 1935 I have noted what Sushila writes about Sita. …

… every form of opposition to the Nationalist Government.”2 The statement was justified, given the persistent presence … of the Suppression of Communism Act and other offences”3. The charges would be based on the evidence seized during … leaders, the estimate of the size of the crowd was between 3 000 and 10 000, although the official number (a police …

… Arrests due to pass laws violations increased by 28.3 per cent between 1981 and 1982 and fines paid by Africans … per 1,000 live births. Reported cases of some diseases  (2)   1977 1978 Cholera 0 4,967 Trachoma 12 1,109 Typhoid 2,624 3,913 Tuberculosis 45,298 51,828 Regulations against …

… which began in mid-1985, codenamed ‘Operation Zikomo’. 2 Ronnie Kasrils, then head of MK intelligence, says its … combatants as ‘shock forces’ in the township uprisings. 3 They were to form a kind of officer class for township … their position. MK’s success rate thus dropped from only 3 guerilla neutralisations for every 13 attacks in 1985 back …

… you please bring the list and tell as how he jumped from 3,443 to number 1?’ Bizos/Lekwane/Taylor: Laugh. Bizos: You …

… of Mbazwana Martinand Martha Nora MaLuthuIi Lembede.”Š 2 ”‰His father was a farm laborer who, according to his … as a seasonal laborer on nearby white and Indian farms.”Š 3 Before the Lembede family moved to Umbumbulu, Muziwakhe, … 66 ”‰ Lembede was laid to rest at Croesus cemetery on 3 August."”Š 67 ”‰ His pallbearers and speakers represented a …

… we walked again to the central station where we took the 3.30 pm train and we got off at the Duffs Road station. My … a bath. After lunch the temple was closed for siesta. At 3.00 pm it would be opened again and tea and savouries were … and also Hindi at the same time. To Manilal and Sushila, 2 January 1935 I have noted what Sushila writes about Sita. …

… nearly 21.5 million. Of these, 15 million were Africans, 2 million were Coloured, over 600,000 were Indians, and only 3.75 million were whites. That is, the ruling white group … present system; they can never aspire to a decent living. 3. Thus we can see that members of the middle class are …

… 9 hostages and two policeman were seriously injured. 1980 3 January, A police station at Soekmekaar, Northern … Mandela; it received wide support in the country. 1980 3 March, A large cache of arms is discovered in a township … development and lessen dependence on South Africa. 1980 2 April, Among those giving the Constellation’ plan warm, but …

… to lead transformation Women's movement series: Part 2 A movement for the transformation of gender relations - … urban housing backlog was conservatively estimated at 1.3 million units, rising to three million units if hostels and … development programmes. It provides social grants to over 3.5 million people, representing income support for a large …

… were employed in the industrial and service sectors and 3 per cent indirectly (through tribal chiefs) represented the … workers had their wages increased from 16/6 to 29/3 ”” a considerable amount for the time. Another covering the … 22 per cent from the industrial working class and 2 per cent represented the peasantry. This absence of clarity …