SAHO global search

… of the mass arrests was the opportunity they gave to the resistance leaders (who had been confined in two large …

… talent, Buthelezi was among the country’s most influential black leaders for the majority of his long and remarkable …  were the 10 impoverished rural areas reserved for black people, where, as ethnic entities, they exercised …  by many western leaders the most likely and desirable black leader to bring about a  democratic, and capitalist, …

… Union of South Africa (ICU) is established as national Black trade union in Bloemfontein. 11 September, Gerrit … the militant strike by African mineworkers in 1920. The Black (Native) Affairs Act is Passed. The Native Affairs Act … of stores as a result of price hikes, using passive resistance tactics that had been used earlier in the Free …

… in 1901. It is repealed in 1913 after the Passive Resistance Campaign. 1896 The Franchise Act No 8 of 1896 … introduces The Asiatic Law Amendment Act, 2/1907 ("The Black Act") which is identical to Ordinance 29/1906. All male … anti-Indian and other discriminatory legislation against black groups intact 1910 The Public Servants Superannuating …

… place, particularly in the form of giving contracts to new black elites. The Guptas were given coal contracts as old … Godinho note that Gigaba styled himself as part of the new black industrial class, who would pave the way for the entry … between 2014-2015, ESKOM implemented Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment (BBBEE) for its coal supply. Black …

… in 1968 after some members of the University of Natal’s Black Campus SRC (Student Representative Council) decided to … In the 1960s White members became sympathetic to the Black students cause. As a result, Black students membership began to increase. Many of these …

… formed in 1982 to address the specific challenges faced by black women under apartheid. The organisation emerged from … women as central to the nurturing and advancement of the black community. Historical Background The formation of … understood within the context of women's organising in the Black Consciousness Movement. When the apartheid government …

… interracial unions, it was not opened to membership of Black unions. The council adopted the policy of accepting membership of only registered unions. Because Black unions were not permitted to register by law they were … for skilled workers only. The deliberate policy to exclude Black unions led to the formation of the Trade Union Council …

… [vi] . Poor housing and the fact that they were mixed with black employees in homes with several maids deterred white … domestic service had changed into a predominately female black institution [viii] . The shifts in domestic work that …  white immigrant women had chosen to quit domestic duties, black women—both African and Coloured—took their place, while …

… January, Security Police in Port Elizabeth, detain three black civil rights leaders after the Port Elizabeth Black Civic Organisation (PEBCO) decide to implement a … with the Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging (AWB) or Afrikaner Resistance Movement, led by Eugene Terre’blanche, and the …

… the land in the hands of the British. The rights of the black population were generally not taken into account, … they did still live scattered across South Africa. Some black tribes had been forced off their land over the years … the land in South Africa was going to be divided between black and white people. At this time there was no apartheid …

… to be sent to England and for non-violent or passive resistance ( Satyagraha ). 21 September, The Transvaal … the Asiatic Registration Act, Act No. 2 of 1907 (the Black Act) and offer to register voluntarily if the Act is … Act, Act No. 2 of 1907. The meeting decides on passive resistance (Satyagraha) against the Act - to go to prison …

… by the South African Communist Party to South Africa's Black Mine Workers Published by the South African Communist … for a major war; they are the price already paid by black miners for digging gold and coal from the bowels of … Against the background of government and employers' resistance to any change, discontent built up on the mines …

… rallying anti-apartheid forces in the country to intensify resistance. This culminated in the Congress of the People, a … attempted adultery or related immoral acts” between black and white people. The Act in essence criminalised … of the Non-White Peoples of South Africa . 27 June, The Black (Native) Laws Amendment Act No 54 is passed. 11 July, …

… of these constitutional discussions. In 1909, a group of Black delegates from the four provinces attended the South … law. The group comprised of South Africa’s most prominent Black citizens: professional men, businessmen, journalist, … This meeting was the most significant in the history of Black protest politics as it was the first joint meeting of …

… the conditions under which white state schools can admit black students. Patricia De Lille appointed foreign secretary … has reacted with anger to the reforms by Mr. de Klerk. One black was killed in the town of Klerksdorp and the United … One of the three is said to be a member of the Afrikaner Resistance Movement. Police was still seeking right- wing …

… The Land Act of 1913 was the final nail in the coffin for Black South Africans in the 20th century and a step to … of Apartheid. Firstly, the Natives Land Act impoverished black South Africans, since they were not given enough land … a precursor to further racist legislation that segregated black and white South Africans based on the racial hierarchy …

… of "baaskap", or "white power", propounded that all black South Africans belonged to a perpetual rural … power", to a more systematized usufruct of South Africa's black population as a source of cheap labour. At the same … 1990s. The people of Moutse responded by organising mass resistance against this intimidation, leading to a series of …

… in 1945 and he led the NIC in the 1946 Indian Passive Resistance Campaign (see SAIC history) in Durban. As a result …

… who had never been exposed to smallpox and had no natural resistance to the disease. Many of the survivors fled and …

… the Dutch invasion and appropriation of their land – their resistance would continue for at least 150 years. In response …

… The system of Black authorities and the reforms brought about in the … the Pan Africanist Congress, who rejected the system of Black authorities because it aimed to re­store the tribal system and the power of the headmen, divided the Black popula­tion into ethnic units, and ignored the Black …

… 3,650 in 1911 to 35,000. Almost all of the population was Black. This polarisation was reinforced by the Native Urban … municipalities to establish separate locations for their Black citizens, and made Black residents in ‘White’ areas subject to a permit system …

… (AZASO) was established in 1979 by students from five black universities and one college of education. AZASO, which … that adopted ANC policies and the Freedom Charter over the Black Consciousness Doctrine. In addition AZASO advocated a … youth organisations, while SASO embraced the philosophy of Black Consciousness which called for a total break away from …

… a century.  He was  one of the last of a generation of black South African leaders who influenced the transition …  were the ten mainly rural, impoverished areas where black South Africans were required to live and have nominal … of African politics and the reconciliation of disparate black groups … Inkatha politics were to an extent shaped by …

… a Kimberley schoolteacher, becomes the first South African Black woman to receive a Bachelor's degree. While on a choir … University in Cleveland. She also becomes the first Black female parole officer for juvenile delinquents, and runs an employment agency for Black women. Maxeke becomes involved in many issues affecting …

… to the apartheid government’s Bantu Education Act, 90% of black South African schools were state-aided mission schools. … themselves, with the result that far less was spent on black children than on white children. In 1954—5 black teachers and students protested against Bantu …

… Black Consciousness Movement South African Students Movement The South African Student Organisation (SASO) The Black People's Convention African Students Association (ASA)  … Natal Youth Organisation Society for Young Development Black Youth Cultural Association League of African Youth …

… emphasized the commonalities between Africans and black people in the United States. Delany, who believed that black people could not prosper alongside whites, advocated … of the first decades of the 20th century was Jamaican-born Black Nationalist Marcus Garvey. In the years after World War …