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… The Riekert Commission was established in response to a crisis faced by the apartheid state, as … African industry. In addition, political resistance by the Black opposition organisations and the new independent unions … companies and the government had to find a way to allow Black workers to belong to trade unions, but at the same time …

… One of the first examples of a messenger service occurred in Ancient Egypt where pharaohs used couriers to deliver … as the Penny Block stamp. The development of the Penny Black stamp meant people could pay for the postage in … at flat rate instead of per page delivered. The Penny Black postage stamp. Image source The Telegraph The …

… Ellen Kate Kuzwayo made history when she became the first Black woman to receive  an honorary degree from the … on 2 April 1987. Kuzwayo was born into a privileged family in the Thaba-nchu district in the Free State. The family had very strong ties with the … Ellen Kuzwayo,Tireless campaigner for women's rights in apartheid South Africa from The guardian Monday, 24 April …

… nature of the fight against colonialism and imperialism in Africa we need to look at the climate just before WW2. … against the Germans in September 1914 in Karonga were black people. He then wrote a letter to the Nyasaland Times … that participation in the war would improve things for black people in Nyasaland. John Chilembwe organised an armed …

… a visit by former President Nelson Mandela to Saudi Arabia in November 1994. Two missions were established in Saudi Arabia in March 1995: an Embassy with a Chargé d’ Affaires in the … Diplomatic ties are established between SA and Saudi Arabia …

… Mia Haffejee was born on 6 November 1950. Haffejee grew up in Pietermaritzburg and completed his primary schooling at … his secondary schooling at Woodlands where he matriculated in 1965.  In 1966, he relocated to India to undertake his … his family whilst at the same time raising their political consciousness. In a letter to the Natal Witness, penned in …

… landscape since the establishment of Union of South Africa in 1910. With the adoption of the Union Constitution Act of … they had to find a way of accommodating the demands of Black people for basic rights enjoyed by whites or the … in the old haphazard way, which instead of lifting up the Black degraded the Whites, we are now trying to lay down a …

… on 29 May 1935. Brink obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree in Literature at the University of Potchefstroom in 1955. 1n 1958 he earned his Masters in Literature and in 1959, his Masters in Afrikaans and Dutch … André Phillipus Brink, well-known SA author, is born …

… Indian Emigrants from Tamil Nadu, India, Mudaliar grew up in Johannesburg. She was named after the village her mother came from in India, Thillaiyadi. As she entered her teenage years in South Africa, Valliammai became increasingly aware of the … Valliamma Munuswamy Mudaliar, SA political activist dies from a fever …

… It did not make direct grants to guerrilla organisations in Southern Africa out of its normal financial income. After … their arguments to achieve moral isolation of South Africa in order to facilitate the overthrow of White rule. Despite … 'the scourge of modern times', and roundly condemned in the rest of the world, there was a tendency in the WCC to …

… 1991 Nobel Prize for Literature. She was the first woman in 25 years to be awarded the honour and the seventh woman laureate in the near-century history of the Nobel Prize. Gordimer is … consequences of apartheid. Heralded as well as banned in her native country, Gordimer has consistently refused to …

… months after a minor stroke that led to his admission in hospital, and amid rising political instability, growing … isolation. On 15 August, Mr. F.W. de Klerk was sworn in as Acting President pending the results of the general elections. In 1990 Botha resigned from the National Party (NP) in …

… artist and ichthyologist, Margaret Mary Smith, was born in Indwe in the Eastern Cape. Ichthyology is the branch of zoology … regarded as one of the most comprehensive books on fishes in the world. … Margaret Mary Smith, SA artist and ichthyologist, is born …

… reported that the remaining 1 500 South African troops in South West Africa (Namibia) had been withdrawn during … how Namibia would be governed after its independence, war in Ovamboland and Angola continued to rage during the 1980s. After the battle at Cuito Cuanavale in 1988, a turning point in the history of southern Africa, …

… 1953, Big Inter-Race soccer match to be played on Sunday (SA Police vs Tongaat) … Big Inter-Race soccer match to be played on Sunday (SA Police vs Tongaat), 17 September, 1953 …

… Worsie Visser (35), popular SA singer, is killed instantly when his plane crashes at … Worsie Visser (35), popular SA singer, is killed instantly when his plane crashes at …

… on this date, gave a detailed review of developments in South Africa's racial policies since 6 November 1962. The … Philippines and Somalia. The committee began its work in April 1963. Its prime concern was to press for effective … inhumanity of apartheid and the resistance of the people in order to secure the widest support for action. …

… on 10 March 1990, when he beat Israeli Fabrice Benichou in Tel Aviv, Israel. Known as “The Hawk”, Ncita went on to … times. He lost the title to American, Kennedy McKinney in 1992. … Welcome Ncita, junior featherweight of SA, wins the IBF …

… of shell beads estimated to be 75 000 years old and found in Blombos cave in SA, is believed to be the oldest known jewel …

… The history of working people, and particularly Black workers, to organise is inextricably tied to the … workers who came to Southern Africa from across the globe in the search of fortunes and work in the wake of the … of Europe, arriving in Southern Africa and joining Black working people in the fight for the right to a decent …

… A Housing Survey- Conference Paper presented at the Black Sash National Conference on 16 March 1978 discussing role of Black Sash in housing issues, problems caused by housing in community, … A Housing Survey, Conference Paper presented at the Black Sash National Conference 1978 …

… National Congress, (1980). The Role of Women in the Struggle against apartheid, 15 July. Available at …  [Accessed 29 October 2014]|‘Africa Day Protest in Cape Town’ from the Cape Times , 16 November [online] … Z., (2010). ‘Attitudes toward feminism among women in the ANC, 1950-1990’ in The Road to Democracy in South …

… the Soviet Union during the International Science Congress in Leningrad. The scientists were Prof. L.H. Wells, Head of … University and initiator of the excavation at Sterkfonetin in 1966. Both Prof. Wells and Tobias were invited to speak at … Times, 18 August, 1970. ‘Russians Bar two SA Scientists’ in The Cape Times , Available at: The National Library of …

… and consultative council, designed to give blacks a voice in government. This occurred at the twilight of P.W. Botha’s … Africa, based on the principle of one person, one vote. In December 1989, de Klerk met with the imprisoned leader of … The SA government presents a promotion of Constitutional …

… ‘Wash Me Black Again’: African Nationalism, the Indian Diaspora, and … impact on the development of African nationalism in South Africa with an analysis of African/Indian racial … companionship. iv Table of Contents Introduction Racial Consciousness and the Boundaries of Diaspora 2 Organization …

… Three Black men are found guilty of high treason and of having been involved in the sabotage of SASOL fuel installations and th …

… At the end of the Soekmekaar and Silverton trial in Pretoria, three young Black men are found guilty of high treason, as well a …

… Six Black political prisoners who would have been freed at the … of the year have been released from Robben Island prison, in …

… Olivia Forsyth escaped from her guards and took refuge in the British embassy in Luanda. She was a self-confessed SA spy of the security police in the African National … Olivia Forsyth takes refuge in British embassy in Luanda …

… of the key issues since South Africa achieved democracy in 1994 and as such an overview of what has been achieved … The government intended to redistribute 30% of the land to Black people by 2014. However, for the following reasons, the … and the falling into disuse of expropriated land given to Black farmers on the other. Additionally, the process has …