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… wars The 'Frontier Wars' in the Eastern Cape Europeans who came to stay in South Africa first settled in and around … of the village was initially slow. James Backhouse (1844), who visited the place in December 1838, reported that: "Port … residential area for "Hottentots and other coloured people who were members of the Church" (Baines, 1989) . This was …

… of the British "scorched earth policy" during which those who lived on White farms were removed to concentration camps, … and were expected to grow their own crops. The able-bodied who could work, could exchange labour for food or buy mealie … because "... they receive no rations while the Boers who are the cause of the war are fed in the refugee camps …

… and vibrant leaders like Ahmed Mohamed "Kathy" Kathrada  who was later elected as Chairman of TIYC. Over time other … As a consequence, some of TIYC leaders like Ahmed Kathrada who were active in the campaign were arrested. The TIYC was … that moved up the ranks of the TIYC was Moosa Moolla who was elected to the organisation’s executive committee and …

… ..to those who, during the preceding year, shall have conferred the … more than a representative of the millions of our people who dared to rise up against a social system whose very … Nadine Gordimer , 1991 1991 Nobel Laureate in Literature: Who through her magnificent epic writing has - in the words …

… conquer claimed that it was dominated by the Ovambo tribe who make up just over half the population of Namibia. Ovambos are agricultural people who live primarily in the North of Namibia. In 1967, South … Herman Toivo ja Toivo , one of the founders of SWAPO who was sentenced to 20 years imprisonment on Robben Island, …

… global attention and outrage. However most of the miners who were killed and injured were not caught on camera, with … injured had gunshots in their backs and there were miners who were found with injuries of being ridden over by nyalas. … March 2015. The report absolved the key political figures who were accused of having a hand in the events leading to …

… Biko. The Reverend Xundu, the Transkei Anglican priest, who presided over the funeral, appealed to God to take sides … of mourners in anticipation of the protest, and people who were involved in the organisation of Biko’s funeral were … there was no prima facie case against the two doctors who had treated Biko shortly before his death. Dissatisfied …

… (plural) is the term used to identify South African Jews who have acculturated themselves to the Afrikaner language … grounds for Anti-Semitism [vii] . Eastern European Jews who found a base in the rural parts of South Africa tended to … King [xiv] . Lazarus was a Jewish Lithuanian immigrant who had arrived in South Africa just before the South African …

… passed away on June 1st 1948 and was succeeded by his son who continued the legacy and followed his father’s rules and … teachings religiously. He was succeeded by his son Edward, who sought to steer the ZCC in a more biblical direction. … sometimes clash with the traditional healers, or sangomas, who are important in many belief systems [v] . Despite …

… to the Thembu Chief Nxeko, one of the early Thembu Kings who ruled over Thembuland, a territory that eventually became … her to prophesise the imminent return of the ancestors who will restore their land. In preparation for that … of the social and economic fabric of those tribes who fought against the conquest and colonisation of the …

… anti-Apartheid activist, which means that fought for those who were disadvantaged by the system of racial segregation.  … of the Witswatersrand where he met fellow activists who fought against Apartheid.  Fighting for peace Apartheid … the regime to end. On the 11 February 1990, F.W. de Klerk, who was South Africa’s president at that time, released …

… and denying them the vote. After 1895, the workers who had completed their terms of indenture had to pay a tax … opponent and not to crush him, to convert the opponent, who must be ‘weaned from error by patience and sympathy’. … allow himself to be fingerprinted and would kill anyone who voluntarily agreed to fingerprinting. Gandhi answered …

… Association (WCCA) was influenced by charterists veterans who leading members of the ANC campaigns in the 1950s and MK activities in the 1960s. Some of the leading members who were instrumental in the formation of WCCA were Oscar …

… white women Until 1930 there were no women in South Africa who had the right to vote. It was felt that a women's place … with 54 000 signatures to Smuts, the prime minister - who deferred the issue, but undertook to consider it in the …

… States of America. 5 May - 6 May 2014, South Africans who applied for special votes cast their votes.  This voting … between 9am and 5pm.  7 May 2014, South Africans who registered to vote for the 2014 general elections cast …

… going to other parties. General Louis Botha (1862-1919), who led the SAP with Jan Smuts, and who had been Prime Minister of the Transvaal from 1907 to … and Dr HF Verwoerd, the editor of Die Transvaaler who would become Prime Minister two decades later, visited …

… the incompetent informers and “crown” witnesses who gave evidence against us. Some of these barristers are … of non-compliance but after that the need for leaders who were available and out of gaol, able to think creatively … fascistic republic ”¦ that would be ruled by a president who could be directly and only responsible to God”.7 It was …

… Almoravid intervention, led by a group of Berber nomads who were strict observers of Islamic law, gave the conversion … him an Arabic library, religious scholars, and architects; who helped him build royal palace universities, libraries and … the custom of veiling their faces, except for the slaves who sell all the foodstuffs. The inhabitants are very rich, …

… 1Month campaign to raise funds for students on NSFAS who are still unable to afford registration fees. This … office to demand accountability by University management, who had not been responding to emails and other queries. … treatment of the formerly MJL workers at the University who have lost their jobs following months of unacceptable …

… their economic interests, sometimes clashing with those who refused to renounce their freedom or their land. … tribute. Crucially, marriage was controlled by the elders who owned the herds of cattle necessary for bride wealth. So, … Foremost among these was King Sekhukhune of the Pedi who sent whole regiments (travelling 200 men at a time on …

… in Johannesburg and other major city centres. The defiers who began the campaign did so with a sense that history was … that evening they were among a group of protestors who were arrested in Johannesburg when they left a hall after … defiers were acquitted, most notably in the case of 24 who entered a railway waiting room in Cape Town and were …

… round the hospitable board of Comrade Mrs. Jacobs, who did the catering, contributed not a little to the success … 'disorder at home leading to socialism. The non-Europeans, who are also being trained for the next war, must thus play … SITUATION was ably reviewed by Comrade DG Wolton, who stressed the growth of colonial liberation movements and …

… and activities of SASCO. First, whereas previously who was and what was the 'enemy' that stood in the way of education and freedom was fairly clear, today who or what is this enemy is much less clear. It is therefore … of entry. It is also a reality that for a sizeable number who obtain access, the door rather than being fully open is a …

… Cambridge, England, 1968. He is a self-taught photographer who is now residing in Cape Town. …

… differently as a White compared to her other siblings who were dark and often became victims of racism. Maharaj … second marriage was to Mac Maharaj, a freedom fighter who in 1965 was charged on several counts of sabotage and was … other significant political personalities. Mac was the one who smuggled the copy of Nelson Mandela’s autobiography out …

… was that, by creating a richer, black middle class, who would support apartheid and the government because they … spies, and these traitors were often killed. The police, who even provided weapons, often supported such violence. … 1989. After coming to power De Klerk met with Mandela, who spoke of the desirability of negotiated change. The next …

… also organized into age-sets, or groups of men or women who were close in age. Each age-set had specific … includes peoples of the desert (Bakgalagadi and Bushmen) who are accorded a servile status termed ‘Batlhanka’ or … still believe in consulting the traditional healer  ngak , who is supposed to have powers to intercede on their behalf …

… organisation. This was the brainchild of Ray Simons who drew in others such as Helen Joseph , Lillian Ngoyi and Amina Cachalia who formed the steering committee for the organisation. One … rested in part with "a large section of our menfolk" who refuse "to concede to us women the rights and privileges …

… for veterans such as Andrew Mlangeni or Mewa Ramgobin, who were contemporaries and personal friends of Cas, to be … it was Cassim Saloojee and his dedicated staff at JISWA, who provided relief, assistance, care and comfort to … on his tombstone, I would simply state: "Here lies a man who worked for the welfare of his people and who loved his …

… its grip passing more laws to dislodge African people, who had survived land dispossession through entering into … government set in motion a process that allowed people who lost their land after 1913 to lodge claims for … and Segregation written in chapters. “People” lists people who were instrumental in designing and implementing land …