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… survey, more than 70% of Sophiatown’s families were 1 or 2 person families. On average, families with five or more …

… favour of full franchise and against discriminatory laws. 1960 24 January, nine policemen were killed by an angry mob … during pre-dawn attacks on Crossroads squatter camp. 1-2 September, 44 residents in Tokoza, Tembisa and Vosloorus … during a night attack at the Mandela View squatter camp. 2 December, 30 people are massacred in Tokoza a township on …

… crystalizing racism in the late 19th and 20th centuries. [2] These discplines were premised on the view that there is … in many states, e.g. New South Wales and Victoria. In 1960 the Racial Hygiene Association, based in Sydney, became … scientists argue." Scientific American 5 (2016). [2] Gannon, Megan. "Race is a social construct, scientists …

… 1950 - 1960 In Fietas, Johannesburg, the Transvaal Indian Congress … Selborne, a non-white township in Pretoria. 30 September - 2 October, Walter Sisulu speaks at the congress of the … years, cultural clubs operate as informal schools, but by 1960 they close down. Oliver Tambo is banned and forbidden to …

… the first African to be honored by the Nobel Committee (1960 Peace Prize). Interestingly, however, Luthuli was a … scored the winning goal late in the game to give Natal a 2-1 victory and a second consecutive title. Due to the …

… the two organisations. After the Sharpeville Massacre in 1960, the ANC and SACP jointly formed uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK) … by the state for the white general election. More than 2,5-million people responded to the call. In the Eastern Cape … days of ‘national peaceful protest’. On 6 June, between 2,5-million and 3-million people observed the call and stayed …

… (White Afrikaners) and perceived as a ‘White’ language. [2] The history of the oppression of Black and Coloured people … Ross (Rijksmuseum, Vantilt Publishers, 2017), 337. ↵ [2] Jansen, Afrikaans: A Language on the Move, 337. ↵ [3] … Alternative Press: Voices of Protest and Resistance, 1880-1960, ed. Les Switzer (Pretoria: HAUM Opvoedkundige …

… Western Cape. Six days after the Sharpeville emergency in 1960, Luthuli sought to rally Africans to resistance by …

… openly criticises the ANC’s policy of political alliances. 2 January, Oliver Tambo sends a message to a meeting of the … in Durban by members of the South Africa security forces. 2 February, The Attorney-General of the Eastern Cape … Lee. All were part of the ‘Pretoria Six’. << ANC Timeline 1960-1969 ANC Timeline 1980-1989 >> …

… energetic young man was to prove political dynamite”. [2]   The early interaction between the SACP and FRELIMO was … between the two communist parties. In South Africa, by 1960 political organisations like the African National … Communism Act (1950) and the Unlawful Organisations Act (1960) . From independence in 1975, the FRELIMO government in …

… suspected of having been funded by Cecil John Rhodes. [2] De Zuid Afrikaan De Zuid Afrikaan, probably the earliest … was replaced by JJ Kruger, who served as editor until 1960. In 1950 the newspaper moved its offices from its … GD Scholz was appointed editor of the paper in 1960, serving until 1968, when he was succeeded by CF Noffke. …

… mass eviction of Coloured communities from these areas in 1960. SACPO engaged in another protest against the Separate …

… apartheid, by joining the African National Congress. In 1960, the apartheid government banned the ANC from South … abuse by police forces. Others died in detention” [2] . Due to his association with the ANC and BCM, Serote fell … ↵ [2] Jonathan Cohen, "1967 Terrorism Act, No. 83 of 1967." …

… was the largest community in Cape Town at that time. [2] Ibrahim’s birth name was Adolph Johannes Brand, a name he … the laws, values, and expectations of the apartheid state.”2 Mason states that the police “progressively shut down … jazz and pop—as well as of races.” [10] In the late 1960’s, Ibrahim was faced with increasingly difficult …

… examination at St John's High School in Umtata. 1960 - 1961 Thabo Mbeki completes his British "A" level … in a personal plane of Zambian President Kenneth Kaunda. 2 May, Thabo Mbeki leads the Lusaka delegation for a meeting … the National Assembly during the debate on budget vote no.2. 12 December, Thabo Mbeki speaks at a conference before the …

… banned due to its "undesirable" content. [xxxiii] Volume 2 Issue 1 was also banned (1979). [xxxiv] The magazine would … An Informal Discussion,” English in Africa 7, no. 2 (September 1980): 28. ? [iii] Ibid., 23. ? [iv] “Staffrider … Writing” (H-AfrLitCine, H-Review, February 2000), para. 2, http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=3781. ? [xxiv] …

… It is reserved for Whites. May, Orlando Stadium opens. 1960 The Confederation of African Football (CAF) expels South … 1974 A Whites-only team defeats a Blacks-only team (2-0) in the Embassy Multinational Series at the Rand Stadium. … Champion of Champions by defeating Kaizer Chiefs (5-2 on aggregate). The final was played obver two legs. …

… in South Africa since the Sharpeville massacre in 1960. In exile the latter group, led by Tsietsi Mashinini and … in Nigeria, London and Bonn in West Germany.  On 2 August 1976 the SSRC was formally launched with Mashinini … in B. Magubane (ed) (2006) The Road to Democracy, 1960 to 1970, Vol 1 Pretoria. Unisa Press|H. …

… the ANC operated openly in the country as it was banned in 1960 in the aftermath of the Sharpeville massacre. 1950 … Act. They are released on £100 bail. 30 September – 2 October, Walter Sisulu speaks at the congress of the … before its banning. << ANC Timeline 1940-1949 ANC Timeline 1960-1969 >> …

… although the State of Emergency remained in place until 1960, there was little cause for it. According to official … Nairobi: Heinemann Kenya Limited, p.196. ? [xxii] Ibid, p.2. ? …

… campaign for African National Congress (ANC) president. [2] Having usurped Thabo Mbeki as the head of the ANC in 2007 … tournament alone has been estimated to have been worth of $2- billion in value. [18] A successful World Cup was also an … country since the fateful Sharpeville Shooting incident of 1960.  Taking place 16 August 2012, the tragedy unfolded when …

… national conference since the banning of the A.N.C. in 1960. It gave fullest attention to the strategy and tactics …

… Campaign. They stood trial and are found guilty on 2 December 1952 of ‘Statutory Communism’. They are sentenced … and is eventually activated following the ANC's banning in 1960. 21 September, Mandela made his ‘ No Easy Walk to … office as Prime Minister and leader of the National Party. 2 November, The Africanist faction tries to take charge of …

… of 1952. Commenced: 18 June 1951. It was revalidated on 2 March 1956 after a court challenge. It was repealed by … and declared invalid by the Supreme Court. Commenced: 2 March 1956. It was repealed by the Republic of South Africa … of the £1 (one pound) paid previously. As from 1st January 1960, men earning over £180 per annum had to pay increased …