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… More significantly though, Poqo unlike MK and the African Resistance Movement (ARM) directed its activities at the … inspired resentment from affected communities. As early as 1960 there were indications that communities in … Poqo continued to be a threat to Matanzima. Early in 1963 several other attacks attributed to Poqo …

… 1946 Passive Resistance Campaign Introduction ↵ An acute labour shortage … to further the aims of the Lawrence Committee. In the early months of its existence the Lawrence Committee did … the Mayor of Durban had organised. Conference adjourned early to enable members to attend Krishnasamy Pillay’s …

… The passive resistance campaigns led by MK Gandhi in South Africa had … universalist political philosophy out of which passive resistance grew. But Gandhi's politics lagged behind his ideology. The first passive resistance campaign was started in Johannesburg in 1907 with, …

… This feature looks at the various important 'passive resistance' or 'non-violent' campaigns in 20th Century South … Nagappen Padayachee Valliama R Munuswami Indian Passive Resistance 1946 Ismaill Mohamed Cachalia Yusuf Dadoo … Key players in the various passive resistance campaigns …

… had come to the realisation that non-violent methods of resistance had failed and would have to be abandoned; the ANC … because their FSAW structures were no longer in place. In early 1961 it was decided that regional organisers should try … the Eastern Cape section suffered a similar fate, and in early 1962 there was worse to come. Helen Joseph's banning …

… subcontinent was the main source of slaves during the early part of the 18th century, and approximately 80% of … History of slavery and early colonisation in South Africa …

… Women in the Cities and the Resistance Movement …

… of a new “people or revolutionary culture” Protest or Resistance Art? Sharpeville Massacre 1960. Two grief-stricken … political policies were labelled as either ‘Protest' or 'Resistance Art’.  This term has been argued over by many … their biographies we will try to prove that while the term resistance and protest art have relevance in describing a …

… Early struggles, contact and conflict in the Cape Colony …

… and stringent censorship laws were two massive obstacles resistance photographers needed to overcome. This chapter … country. The most cohesive archives that remain from that early period of South Africa's photographic history are those … and what was termed 'Native Studies'" dominated early South African photography. 22 These themes were …

… Tension Builds: Exploitation, resistance and beer …

… Poetry and Resistance in the 1970’s …

… to the fact that the government was taking action against resistance organisations, and that the ANC lacked the support … Continued resistance and internal criticism 1920s and 1930s …

… the period marked the end of the non-violent phase of resistance, particularly for the ANC and PAC. Despite the … changed its name in 1964 from the NCL to the African Resistance Movement (ARM). On 12 June 1964  ARM issued a … M. The National Committee of Liberation (NCL)/ African Resistance Movement, in The Road to Democracy in South …

… What was the nature of the civil society resistance after the 1960s? During the 1960s and the 1980s … by the overseas community and was also strongly opposed by resistance movements like the 1976 Soweto Uprising and by … them very little control.  What also pressured by external resistance the apartheid government were (i) anti-apartheid …

… to violence-based policing. Episode 2, Policing and Resistance: Lexicon Abolition Abolition is a political … States Constitution . Abolition Resources | CRITICAL RESISTANCE Defund Defunding the police is a political … outcomes - Napoleon Webster, featured in the Policing and Resistance episode, was a member of the Marikana Commission . …

… History of Slavery and early colonisation in SA timeline 1602-1841 …

… What was the nature of resistance to apartheid during these decades, and how was this resistance part of wider resistance in the world to human rights abuses? (under …

… Banishment during the early colonial period …

… of China. Image source China The name China comes from the early Chin dynasty that once ruled the area covering modern … has a recorded history of more than 3600 years and another early 2000 years of unrecorded history. Chinese civilisation … Early civilisations from around the world: Mesopotamia, …

… The Theory of passive resistance or non-violent campaigning …

… Popular resistance and police brutality in democratic South Africa …

… The ANC and other Forces of Resistance after Union …

… reading and Links pertaining to History of Slavery and early colonisation in SA …

… Towards a people’s culture, Art and Resistance under apartheid Timeline 1938-1997 …

… growth of trade unionism in Cape Town and the formation of early political organisations …

… Flyer of the African Resistance Movement announcing its formation, June 12,1964 …