Born in 1906, Mafora was a domestic servant and a gardener. He was President of the African National Congress (ANC) in the Orange Free State and ex-officio member of the ANC national executive committee from 1952 to 1958. From December 1956 until charges were dropped against him in December 1957, he was one of the accused in the Treason Trial. His wife Ivy headed the Free State ANC Women's League.

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