The Bondelswarts surrender to the German forces

Germany's occupation of Namibia was accomplished through military conquest of the numerous groups in the region, with the Khoikhoi being among the last to be subdued. In some cases Germany is reputed to have committed what amounts to genocide in exerting control over the nomadic, Khoikhoi groups in Namibia, then South West Africa. The Bondelswarts, a nomadic Khoikhoi group who settled in Warmbad in Namibia in 1905, surrendered in 1906. Germany was defeated during World War I, and lost all her colonies, including South West Africa. At the end of the war, the colony was handed over to South Africa to govern as part of a Mandate of the League of Nations. In 1917, the colonial government imposed a dog tax on the Bondelswarts, sources are unclear as to whether it was the South African or German colonial government that imposed this tax. The Bondelswarts resisted the measure but were ultimately forced to comply, with two of their leaders, J. Christian and A. Morris being forced into exile. When the colony came under South African rule, the Bondelswarts were hoping for a reversal of the oppressive rule of the Germans. They were disappointed when the South African government, under General J. C. Smuts proved to be equally oppressive. The government upheld the dog tax and increased it in 1921. In addition, when the group's two leaders  returned at the end of the First World War, the SA government tried to arrest them, resulting in fierce resistance from the Bondelswarts. SA deployed troops to suppress the rebellion. Under Gysbert Reitz Hofmyr's command, the Bondelwarts were defeated by the South African forces, with the rebellion ending with 100 Bondelswarts fatalities. This included the death of Morris and many women and children..